中国老年人的营养不良认知及其影响因素：一项横断面调查的结果

Malnutrition awareness and its determinants among Chinese older adults: findings from a cross-sectional survey.

作者信息

Li Fangzhou, Zhang Jingmei, Wu Difei, Yu Xiyan, Chen Xujiao

机构信息

Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China.

Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China.

出版信息

Front Public Health. 2025 Aug 20;13:1638285. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1638285. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1638285

PMID:40910045

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12404920/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Malnutrition is a prevalent but underrecognized health issue among older adults in China. Inadequate awareness may delay detection and intervention, especially in cognitively vulnerable populations. To assess the level of malnutrition awareness and its association with sociodemographic, cognitive, and nutritional factors in a representative sample of older Chinese adults.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 1,227 individuals aged ≥60 years in Zhejiang Province. Malnutrition awareness was measured using a validated 7-item questionnaire. Cognitive status, nutritional risk, frailty, sarcopenia risk, and fall risk were assessed using standard tools. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of awareness.

RESULTS

Overall, 49.1% of participants demonstrated adequate malnutrition awareness. While most recognized general nutrition concepts (93.5%) and protein supplementation (92.7%), awareness of psychosocial risk factors (e.g., depression) was limited (41.7%). Higher awareness was significantly associated with higher education (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.23-1.55), cohabitation (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.13-1.56), and better cognitive function ( < 0.0001). Age, BMI, and frailty were not independent predictors.

CONCLUSION

Malnutrition awareness among older Chinese adults remains suboptimal, particularly regarding psychological contributors. Targeted education strategies should be stratified by cognitive ability and living context to bridge awareness gaps and support national healthy aging initiatives.

摘要

背景

在中国老年人中，营养不良是一个普遍存在但未得到充分认识的健康问题。认识不足可能会延迟检测和干预，尤其是在认知脆弱人群中。旨在评估具有代表性的中国老年人群体中营养不良的认知水平及其与社会人口学、认知和营养因素的关联。

方法

我们对浙江省1227名年龄≥60岁的个体进行了横断面调查。使用经过验证的7项问卷来测量营养不良认知情况。使用标准工具评估认知状态、营养风险、衰弱、肌肉减少症风险和跌倒风险。采用多变量逻辑回归来确定认知的独立预测因素。

结果

总体而言，49.1%的参与者表现出足够的营养不良认知。虽然大多数人认可一般营养概念（93.5%）和蛋白质补充（92.7%），但对心理社会风险因素（如抑郁症）的认知有限（41.7%）。较高的认知与较高的教育水平（比值比[OR]=1.38，95%置信区间[CI]：1.23-1.55）、同居（OR=1.33，95%CI：1.13-1.56）以及更好的认知功能显著相关（P<0.0001）。年龄、体重指数和衰弱不是独立的预测因素。