Bodur Mahmut, Günal Ahmet Murat, Sajadi Hezaveh Zohreh
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Haliç University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Chronobiol Int. 2025 Sep 5:1-12. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2025.2554791.
This study examines how dietary nutrient patterns vary among individuals with different chronotypes. In other words, this research explores the potential connections between nutrient intake and circadian rhythm. In this secondary data analysis, we used data from 3,072 adult participants (mean age: 30.16 y (SD = 10.92); 49.8% males) who completed a survey between September 2022 and July 2023. Chronotypes were assessed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and dietary intake was measured through 24-h dietary recall. One-way ANOVA and Multinomial regression analysis were used to investigate the associations. The intermediate chronotype was the most common among participants (73% vs 13% early and 14% late chronotype). Unlike morning types, intermediate and evening chronotypes had similar demographic and dietary characteristics. Four nutrient patterns were identified: "Vit B-rich," "Plant-based," "Antioxidant," and "High-fat." "Vit B-rich pattern" was linked to a morning chronotype. Greater adherence to the "antioxidant pattern," characterized by nutrients such as vit A, vit C, and folate, was associated with a lower likelihood of being an evening type. Adherers of "high-fat pattern" were less likely to be intermediate types. "Plant-based" pattern characterized by fibre, magnesium, etc. was not associated with any chronotype. Morning chronotypes may gravitate toward or consume more foods rich in vit B. People with an intermediate chronotype may be less likely to follow a "high-fat" diet, and evening types may be less likely to follow an "antioxidant" diet. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the direction of the relationship between chronotype and dietary intake.
本研究考察了不同昼夜节律类型的个体之间饮食营养模式是如何变化的。换句话说，这项研究探索了营养摄入与昼夜节律之间的潜在联系。在这项二次数据分析中，我们使用了2022年9月至2023年7月期间完成一项调查的3072名成年参与者（平均年龄：30.16岁（标准差=10.92）；49.8%为男性）的数据。使用晨型-夜型问卷（MEQ）评估昼夜节律类型，并通过24小时饮食回顾来测量饮食摄入量。采用单因素方差分析和多项回归分析来研究两者之间的关联。中间型昼夜节律类型在参与者中最为常见（73%，而早型为13%，晚型为14%）。与早型不同，中间型和晚型昼夜节律类型具有相似的人口统计学和饮食特征。识别出了四种营养模式：“富含维生素B型”、“植物性型”、“抗氧化剂型”和“高脂肪型”。“富含维生素B型模式”与早型昼夜节律类型相关。对以维生素A、维生素C和叶酸等营养素为特征的“抗氧化剂模式”的更高依从性与成为晚型的可能性较低相关。“高脂肪模式”的追随者成为中间型的可能性较小。以纤维、镁等为特征的“植物性”模式与任何昼夜节律类型均无关联。早型昼夜节律类型可能倾向于或摄入更多富含维生素B的食物。中间型昼夜节律类型的人可能较少遵循“高脂肪”饮食，而晚型的人可能较少遵循“抗氧化剂”饮食。需要进行纵向研究来阐明昼夜节律类型与饮食摄入之间关系的方向。
