Sutiningsih Dwi, Sari Dewi Puspito, Adi Mateus Sakundarno, Hadi Mochammad, Azzahra Nur Azizah
Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate, Diponegoro University, Semarang City, 50241, Indonesia.
Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang City, 50275, Indonesia.
F1000Res. 2023 Nov 13;11:1100. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.124643.2. eCollection 2022.
Background Avocado leaves ( Mill.) have been traditionally used as antihypertensive. Various studies have tested the benefits of the Mill. in treating hypertension but still using extracts not yet using nanoparticles. Therefore, this study aims to study the effectiveness of avocado leaf extract, including the nanoparticles, on salt-induced hypertensive Wistar rats in inhibiting the ACE enzyme, which causes decreasing systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as well as increasing urine volume. Methods This study used an experimental study design involving 24 white male Wistar rats ( ), aged 2-3 months, weighing 130-250 g, and of a healthy condition with active movement. The samples were randomly divided into six treatment groups and post-test only research design with control group design. Results The result of the study showed that the extract contained a quercetin of 1129.597 ppm and 10 mineral compounds, including potassium, with the highest content. The analysis of antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method showed that the antioxidant activity at IC was 44.734 ppm. The leaf extract nanoparticles had the most significant result in reducing blood pressure in Wistar rats induced by 16% NaCl for 14 days SBP to normal was by 68.75 mmHg (175.00±21.57 mmHg to 106.25±9.21 mmHg) and 55.25 mmHg (128.42±25.75 mmHg to 73.17±15.75 mmHg), respectively. Also, avocado leaf extract caused the decrease of SBP from 164.92±7.16 mmHg to 116.83±6.36 mmHg and DBP from 118.42±16.24 mmHg to 82.83±6.47 mmHg. The leaf extract nanoparticles resulted in the most urine volume at 13.5 ml, with the highest DAI value of 2.25. The ACE inhibitor test using the ELISA method showed that the leaf extract and the nanoparticle extract inhibition against the ACE enzyme were 60.0±12.1 % and 59.5±3%, respectively. The mean serum nitrate as a result of leaf extract (K4) and nanoparticles of leaf extract (K5) were 44.0±9.0 μmol/L and 41.1±11.5 μmol/L, respectively. The mean of serum nitrite was led by leaf extract (K4), and nanoparticles of P. americana leaf extract (K5) were 83.7±24.0 μmol/L and 81.0±23.2 μmol/L, sequentially. Conclusions The study showed that the leaf extract and nanoparticle extract of Mill. was effective as an antihypertensive.
鳄梨叶（ ）传统上被用作抗高血压药物。各种研究已经测试了 在治疗高血压方面的益处，但仍使用提取物而非纳米颗粒。因此，本研究旨在研究鳄梨叶提取物（包括纳米颗粒）对盐诱导的高血压Wistar大鼠抑制ACE酶的有效性，这会导致收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）降低以及尿量增加。
本研究采用实验性研究设计，涉及24只白色雄性Wistar大鼠（ ），年龄为2 - 3个月，体重130 - 250克，健康状况良好且活动活跃。样本被随机分为六个治疗组，并采用仅后测的研究设计和对照组设计。
研究结果表明，提取物中含有1129.597 ppm的槲皮素和10种矿物质化合物，其中钾含量最高。使用2,2 - 二苯基 - 1 - 苦基肼法分析抗氧化活性表明，IC 时的抗氧化活性为44.734 ppm。鳄梨叶提取物纳米颗粒在降低16% NaCl诱导14天的Wistar大鼠血压方面效果最为显著，SBP降至正常水平为68.75 mmHg（从175.00±21.57 mmHg降至106.25±9.21 mmHg），DBP降至正常水平为55.25 mmHg（从128.42±25.75 mmHg降至73.17±15.75 mmHg）。此外，鳄梨叶提取物使SBP从164.92±7.16 mmHg降至116.83±6.36 mmHg，DBP从118.42±16.24 mmHg降至82.83±6.47 mmHg。鳄梨叶提取物纳米颗粒产生的尿量最多，为13.5 ml，DAI值最高为2.25。使用ELISA方法进行的ACE抑制剂测试表明，鳄梨叶提取物和纳米颗粒提取物对ACE酶的抑制率分别为60.0±12.1%和59.5±3%。鳄梨叶提取物（K4）和鳄梨叶提取物纳米颗粒（K5）的血清硝酸盐平均值分别为44.0±9.0 μmol/L和41.1±11.5 μmol/L。血清亚硝酸盐平均值以鳄梨叶提取物（K4）为首，鳄梨叶提取物纳米颗粒（K5）依次为83.7±24.0 μmol/L和81.0±23.2 μmol/L。
该研究表明，鳄梨叶提取物和纳米颗粒提取物作为抗高血压药物是有效的。
