Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Nutrients. 2019 Jun 17;11(6):1362. doi: 10.3390/nu11061362.
Nutrition is known to exert an undeniable impact on blood pressure with especially salt (sodium chloride), but also potassium, playing a prominent role. The aim of this review was to summarize meta-analyses studying the effect of different electrolytes on blood pressure or risk for hypertension, respectively. Overall, 32 meta-analyses evaluating the effect of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium on human blood pressure or hypertension risk were included after literature search. Most of the meta-analyses showed beneficial blood pressure lowering effects with the extent of systolic blood pressure reduction ranging between -0.7 (95% confidence interval: -2.6 to 1.2) to -8.9 (-14.1 to -3.7) mmHg for sodium/salt reduction, -3.5 (-5.2 to -1.8) to -9.5 (-10.8 to -8.1) mmHg for potassium, and -0.2 (-0.4 to -0.03) to -18.7 (-22.5 to -15.0) mmHg for magnesium. The range for diastolic blood pressure reduction was 0.03 (-0.4 to 0.4) to -5.9 (-9.7 to -2.1) mmHg for sodium/salt reduction, -2 (-3.1 to -0.9) to -6.4 (-7.3 to -5.6) mmHg for potassium, and -0.3 (-0.5 to -0.03) to -10.9 (-13.1 to -8.7) mmHg for magnesium. Moreover, sufficient calcium intake was found to reduce the risk of gestational hypertension.
营养对血压的影响是不可否认的，特别是盐（氯化钠），还有钾，起着突出的作用。本综述的目的是总结研究不同电解质对血压或高血压风险影响的荟萃分析。经过文献检索，共纳入了 32 项评估钠、钾、钙和镁对人体血压或高血压风险影响的荟萃分析。大多数荟萃分析显示，钠/盐减少可使收缩压降低 -0.7（95%置信区间：-2.6 至 1.2）至-8.9（-14.1 至-3.7）mmHg，钾减少 -3.5（-5.2 至-1.8）至-9.5（-10.8 至-8.1）mmHg，镁减少-0.2（-0.4 至-0.03）至-18.7（-22.5 至-15.0）mmHg。舒张压降低范围为钠/盐减少 0.03（-0.4 至 0.4）至-5.9（-9.7 至-2.1）mmHg，钾减少-2（-3.1 至-0.9）至-6.4（-7.3 至-5.6）mmHg，镁减少-0.3（-0.5 至-0.03）至-10.9（-13.1 至-8.7）mmHg。此外，足够的钙摄入可降低妊娠期高血压的风险。
