La Vecchia C, Pampallona S, Negri E, Fasoli M, Franceschi S, Decarli A
Contraception. 1985 Dec;32(6):637-49. doi: 10.1016/s0010-7824(85)80007-x.
In order to identify subgroups of women at elevated risk of induced abortion, personal characteristics and habits, selected medical histories and contraceptive practices of 873 women undergoing legal abortion in various areas of Northern Italy were compared with those of 504 control subjects identified in family planning clinics of the same hospitals or area health authorities. When age was allowed for, the risk of induced abortion was not strongly influenced by marital status, education or other indicators of social class. However, women who were employed, independently from the type of occupation, showed markedly lower abortion risks than housewives. Among various indicators of sexual habits investigated, the strongest determinant of legal abortion was the frequency of sexual intercourses over the previous six months, women with less frequent intercourses showing a markedly elevated risk estimate (RR = 2.82). Induced abortion was less frequent among ex-smokers and more frequent in heavy smokers, but was not appreciably influenced by several other indicators of lifestyle habits and history of gynaecological or psychiatric complaints. The risk of abortion was not influenced by the number of livebirths, but was lower for women with later age at first birth. Less than 5% of case and control subjects reported more than two previous induced abortions, thus indicating that abortion is more of an "accidental" event rather than a widespread contraceptive practice. However, over three-quarters of abortions occurred in women reporting no contraception at all or coitus interruptus, thus underlining the scope for family planning education in this population.
为了确定人工流产风险较高的女性亚组，将意大利北部不同地区873名接受合法人工流产的女性的个人特征与习惯、特定病史及避孕措施，与在同医院或地区卫生当局计划生育诊所确定的504名对照对象进行了比较。在考虑年龄因素后，人工流产风险受婚姻状况、教育程度或其他社会阶层指标的影响不大。然而，无论职业类型如何，就业女性的人工流产风险明显低于家庭主妇。在调查的各种性行为习惯指标中，合法人工流产的最强决定因素是过去六个月的性交频率，性交频率较低的女性风险估计值明显升高（相对危险度=2.82）。既往吸烟者的人工流产发生率较低，重度吸烟者的发生率较高，但生活方式习惯的其他几个指标以及妇科或精神疾病史对其影响不明显。人工流产风险不受活产数的影响，但初产年龄较大的女性风险较低。不到5%的病例组和对照组对象报告有两次以上既往人工流产史，因此表明人工流产更多是“意外”事件，而非普遍的避孕行为。然而，超过四分之三的人工流产发生在报告未采取任何避孕措施或采用体外射精的女性中，这凸显了该人群计划生育教育的重要性。
