Plazas Elberto A, Forigua Juan Carlos
Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2025 Sep;124(2):e70051. doi: 10.1002/jeab.70051.
The purpose of this study was to test Carrigan and Sidman's (1992) hypothesis that the emergence of equivalence relations from the standard matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure is due to the exclusive acquisition of select conditional relations during training. Four groups were compared on tests of the properties of equivalence relations (reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity/equivalence) and on trials with novel stimuli replacing S+ or S- on these tests: standard MTS training; exclusive-select-relations training; exclusive-reject-relations training; and detached-MTS training, which included training on both select and reject relations. Equivalence emergence occurred more frequently in the detached-MTS group. Those in the standard-MTS group who showed equivalence emergence had test results with novel stimuli that were more similar to those in the detached-MTS group than to those in the exclusive-select group. The results suggest that compliance with the criteria for equivalence relations may mask at least two different processes. The first is pseudoequivalence, which is associated with exclusive select control. The second is the authentic formation of equivalence classes, which depends on joint select and reject control. The standard-MTS procedure seems to more frequently promote the second process.
本研究的目的是检验卡里根和西德曼（1992）的假设，即标准匹配样本（MTS）程序中等价关系的出现是由于训练期间对特定条件关系的排他性习得。在等价关系属性测试（自反性、对称性和传递性/等价性）以及用新刺激替代这些测试中的S+或S-的试验中，对四组进行了比较：标准MTS训练；排他性选择关系训练；排他性拒绝关系训练；以及分离MTS训练，其中包括对选择和拒绝关系的训练。等价关系的出现更频繁地出现在分离MTS组中。标准MTS组中出现等价关系的人在新刺激测试中的结果与分离MTS组中的人更相似，而不是与排他性选择组中的人更相似。结果表明，符合等价关系标准可能掩盖至少两个不同的过程。第一个是伪等价，它与排他性选择控制有关。第二个是等价类的真实形成，这取决于联合选择和拒绝控制。标准MTS程序似乎更频繁地促进第二个过程。
