Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
Instituto Nacional sobre Comportamento, Cognição e Ensino (INCT-ECCE), Brazil.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2020 Jul;114(1):60-71. doi: 10.1002/jeab.602. Epub 2020 May 4.
The establishment of sample/S- relations (or reject control) during conditional discrimination training (AB, BC) affects transitivity (AC), equivalence (CA) and reflexivity (AA, BB, CC) test outcomes. The present study parametrically evaluated the effects of different observing patterns to comparison stimuli on the establishment of reject control during baseline conditional relation training. A matching-to-sample with observing requirements (MTS-OR) procedure was implemented during AB and BC conditional discrimination training. During training, the participants were required to observe the sample and incorrect comparison on every trial before responding. In addition, the participants were divided into three groups that differed regarding the percentage of training trials on which they were prevented from observing the correct comparison stimuli: 25%, 50%, and 75%. Once the mastery criteria were achieved during training, transitivity (AC), symmetry (BA, CB), equivalence (CA), and reflexivity (AA, BB, CC) tests were conducted with all comparison stimuli visible from the beginning. The results suggest that the number of errors during transitivity, equivalence, and reflexivity tests progressively increased as participants were prevented from observing the correct comparison on a greater number of trials during training. Symmetry test results, however, were not affected by the experimental manipulation. Moreover, the number of participants showing reject-control patterns during tests slightly increased and the number of participants showing select-control patterns decreased as a function of the number of trials on which the participants were prevented from observing the correct comparison. Thus, we suggest that observing patterns during training is a relevant variable that affects equivalence test outcomes.
在条件辨别训练（AB、BC）期间建立样本/S-关系（或拒绝控制）会影响传递性（AC）、等价性（CA）和自反性（AA、BB、CC）测试结果。本研究参数化评估了在基线条件关系训练期间，对比较刺激物进行不同观察模式对拒绝控制建立的影响。在 AB 和 BC 条件辨别训练期间实施了带有观察要求的匹配样本（MTS-OR）程序。在训练过程中，参与者在每次反应前都需要观察样本和错误的比较。此外，参与者被分为三组，他们在训练过程中观察正确比较刺激物的试验百分比不同：25%、50%和 75%。一旦在训练中达到掌握标准，就可以用所有比较刺激物可见的方式进行传递性（AC）、对称性（BA、CB）、等价性（CA）和自反性（AA、BB、CC）测试。结果表明，随着参与者在训练中被禁止观察更多数量的正确比较，传递性、等价性和自反性测试中的错误数量逐渐增加。然而，对称性测试结果不受实验操作的影响。此外，随着参与者在观察正确比较时被禁止的试验次数的增加，在测试中表现出拒绝控制模式的参与者的数量略有增加，而表现出选择控制模式的参与者的数量减少。因此，我们认为在训练期间的观察模式是一个相关的变量，会影响等价性测试结果。
