Beaudreau Anne H, Lowry Dayv, Blaine Jennifer, Selleck James, Pacunski Robert, Meyer Kathryn
School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
Protected Resources Division, West Coast Region, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Lacey, Washington, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2025 Sep 9;20(9):e0331686. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0331686. eCollection 2025.
Natural resource management agencies commonly conduct outreach and engagement with the public, with the goals of raising awareness, educating constituents, encouraging compliance with rules, and supporting future participation in management processes. In Washington, USA, significant effort was invested over more than a decade to inform and engage recreational anglers and divers, and the broader public, in recovery efforts related to rockfish species (Sebastes spp.) listed for protection under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). We developed a novel evaluative framework using mixed methods to assess outreach and engagement efforts related to ESA-listed rockfishes from 2010 to 2022. We triangulated qualitative and quantitative data from interviews and surveys to: summarize the scope, content, goals, and intended audiences for rockfish-related outreach and engagement; examine practitioner perspectives regarding the effectiveness and challenges of rockfish-related outreach and engagement; assess anglers' current understanding about rockfish management status and fishing regulations, drawing comparisons to the time of the ESA listings where possible; and synthesize strengths and weaknesses of past outreach and engagement to guide future efforts. We found that a portfolio of outreach and engagement approaches will likely be most effective for reaching a diverse audience and meeting multiple social goals. Additionally, community-engaged collaborations allow for a deeper discourse that builds trust, knowledge, and shared stewardship. Finally, strategic partnerships and capacity-building will continue to be important for meeting outreach and engagement goals. These results will help guide future efforts that are tailored to best meet the evolving needs of rockfish recovery.
自然资源管理机构通常会与公众开展宣传推广和互动活动，目标是提高公众意识、教育选民、鼓励遵守规则，并支持公众未来参与管理过程。在美国华盛顿，十多年来投入了大量精力，让休闲垂钓者、潜水者以及更广泛的公众了解并参与到与石斑鱼物种（岩鱼属）相关的恢复工作中，这些石斑鱼物种被列入《濒危物种法》（ESA）予以保护。我们开发了一个新颖的评估框架，采用混合方法来评估2010年至2022年期间与ESA所列石斑鱼相关的宣传推广和互动活动。我们对来自访谈和调查的定性和定量数据进行三角测量，以：总结与石斑鱼相关的宣传推广和互动活动的范围、内容、目标和目标受众；审视从业者对与石斑鱼相关的宣传推广和互动活动的有效性及挑战的看法；评估垂钓者目前对石斑鱼管理状况和捕鱼规定的了解，并尽可能与ESA列出这些物种时的情况进行比较；综合过去宣传推广和互动活动的优势与不足，以指导未来的工作。我们发现，一系列宣传推广和互动方法可能对覆盖多样化受众和实现多个社会目标最为有效。此外，社区参与的合作能够促成更深入的对话，从而建立信任、知识和共同的管理意识。最后，战略伙伴关系和能力建设对于实现宣传推广和互动目标仍将至关重要。这些结果将有助于指导未来的工作，使其能够更好地满足石斑鱼恢复不断变化的需求。
