Lee Catherine Y, Zven Sidney E, Sathya Shreyas A, Abukhalaf Danielle, Sahoo Sneha, Samal Pratyusha, Prescott Stephanie M
Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Specialized Services University School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Front Pediatr. 2025 Aug 25;13:1625449. doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1625449. eCollection 2025.
Neonatal sepsis is a dysregulated immune response to bloodstream infection causing serious disease and death. Our review seeks to integrate the knowledge gained from studies of multiple molecular methods- such as genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and the gut microbiome- in the setting of neonatal sepsis that may improve the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of the disease. Sepsis claims over 200,000 lives annually worldwide and remains a top 10 cause of infant mortality in the US. Diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis remains a challenge as its mechanisms are poorly understood.
We conducted a scoping review of literature published between 2018 and 2024. Of 1,043 articles screened, 30 were included in the final review.
The gut microbiome is associated with both pathogenicity and protection in the setting of neonatal sepsis, while expression levels of immune response and regulation help classify neonatal response to septic events. Metabolomic studies reveal possible biomarkers to detect, classify, and predict neonatal sepsis morbidity and mortality, and proteomic studies confirm mechanisms predicted by the other models.
Studies using molecular methods foster greater understanding of neonatal sepsis and show promise to improve diagnosis, classification, and therapeutic intervention. Future research using multi-omic analyses may further elucidate the development and progression of inflammatory processes that occur as sepsis progresses.
新生儿败血症是对血流感染的一种失调的免疫反应，可导致严重疾病和死亡。我们的综述旨在整合在新生儿败血症背景下从多种分子方法（如基因组学、代谢组学、转录组学和肠道微生物组）研究中获得的知识，这些知识可能会改善该疾病的诊断、分类和治疗。败血症每年在全球夺去超过20万条生命，在美国仍是婴儿死亡的十大原因之一。新生儿败血症的诊断和治疗仍然是一项挑战，因为其发病机制尚不清楚。
我们对2018年至2024年发表的文献进行了范围综述。在筛选的1043篇文章中，30篇被纳入最终综述。
在新生儿败血症背景下，肠道微生物组与致病性和保护作用均相关，而免疫反应和调节的表达水平有助于对新生儿对败血症事件的反应进行分类。代谢组学研究揭示了检测、分类和预测新生儿败血症发病率和死亡率的可能生物标志物，蛋白质组学研究证实了其他模型预测的机制。
使用分子方法的研究有助于更深入地了解新生儿败血症，并有望改善诊断、分类和治疗干预。未来使用多组学分析的研究可能会进一步阐明败血症进展时发生的炎症过程的发展和进程。
