Sadava S W, Weithe H
Int J Addict. 1985 Oct;20(10):1533-44. doi: 10.3109/10826088509047244.
Attributions about smoking by smokers, nonsmokers, and sustained ex-smokers do not show evidence of an actor versus observer bias. Smokers rated most reasons for smoking as relatively less important. Attributions about smoking of ex-smokers resembled nonsmokers and differed from smokers. Ex-smokers are less likely to perceive themselves as having been addicted but more likely to perceive continued smokers as addicted. Various attributions for smoking, heavy smoking, expectancies, and desires for quitting were differentially related to perceived addiction. The data are discussed in terms of the "mindless" habitual nature of cigarette smoking, and the conscious, cognitive restructuring necessary for maintenance after smoking ceases.
吸烟者、非吸烟者和持续戒烟者对吸烟的归因并未显示出行动者与观察者偏差的证据。吸烟者认为大多数吸烟原因相对不那么重要。戒烟者对吸烟的归因与非吸烟者相似，与吸烟者不同。戒烟者不太可能认为自己曾经上瘾，但更有可能认为持续吸烟者上瘾。对吸烟、大量吸烟、预期和戒烟欲望的各种归因与感知到的成瘾有不同的关联。根据吸烟的“无意识”习惯性质以及戒烟后维持所需的有意识的认知重构对数据进行了讨论。
