Colella Micol, Biscarini Marianna, Ferrante Daniele, Pellegrino Giovanni, De Meis Marco, Mei Luca, Cavagnaro Marta, Apollonio Francesca, Liberti Micaela
Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Centro Polifunzionale di Sperimentazione (CEPOLISPE), Rome, Italy.
Front Public Health. 2025 Aug 26;13:1620240. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1620240. eCollection 2025.
Military personnel frequently operate in close proximity to electromagnetic (EM) sources such as vehicular communication antennas. Despite this occurrence, detailed evaluations of exposure scenarios remain limited. This study bridges this gap by examining EM exposure from military vehicular antennas, covering a broad spectrum of frequencies (high frequency-HF, very high frequency-VHF, ultrahigh frequency-UHF), power levels, and positions.
The study used computational modeling to simulate realistic military scenarios, including personnel partially outside armored vehicles and equipped with personal protective equipment. Simulations accounted for a broad spectrum of frequencies (HF, VHF, and UHF) as well as different power levels, antenna types and locations.
The analysis revealed substantial variability in EM exposure levels depending on the configuration and conditions. While all simulated scenarios complied with the ICNIRP Basic Restrictions (BR), certain cases exceeded the Reference Levels (RL), particularly under specific positioning and frequency combinations.
These findings, based on a detailed case-specific analysis, suggest that personnel safety in military contexts is generally maintained, even in the presence of variable exposure conditions and elevated levels of radiated E-field. Considering the basic structure of the radiating source (i.e., monopole) and the nature of near-field interactions, this paper suggests that safe exposure conditions could be expected to persist across a range of antenna-operator positioning configurations, and building on previous preliminary research on this topic, it provides relevant insights for operational instructions and improving safety regulations in the military field.
军事人员经常在靠近电磁（EM）源的环境中作业，如车辆通信天线。尽管存在这种情况，但对暴露场景的详细评估仍然有限。本研究通过考察军事车辆天线的电磁暴露情况来填补这一空白，涵盖了广泛的频率范围（高频-HF、甚高频-VHF、超高频-UHF）、功率水平和位置。
本研究使用计算建模来模拟实际军事场景，包括部分身体在装甲车辆外并配备个人防护装备的人员。模拟考虑了广泛的频率范围（HF、VHF和UHF）以及不同的功率水平、天线类型和位置。
分析表明，电磁暴露水平因配置和条件的不同而有很大差异。虽然所有模拟场景均符合国际非电离辐射防护委员会（ICNIRP）的基本限制（BR），但某些情况下超过了参考水平（RL），特别是在特定的定位和频率组合下。
基于详细的具体案例分析，这些结果表明，即使在暴露条件多变和辐射电场水平升高的情况下，军事环境中的人员安全总体上仍能得到保障。考虑到辐射源的基本结构（即单极子）和近场相互作用的性质，本文表明在一系列天线-操作员定位配置中有望保持安全暴露条件，并基于此前关于该主题的初步研究，为军事领域的操作指南和安全法规改进提供了相关见解。
