Zheng Jia-Jing, Wu Zhi-Fei, Hu Yi-Bing
Department of Pediatrics, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Aug 27;16:1624177. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1624177. eCollection 2025.
Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of cancer due to prolonged exposure to chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive therapies.
A comprehensive review of extant literature was performed. Findings: The cancer landscape in pediatric IBD is complex, with colorectal cancer, small intestine cancer, lymphoma, cholangiocarcinoma/hepatocellular carcinoma, and skin cancer being predominant concerns. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms involve genomic instability induced by chronic inflammation, carcinogenic effects of immunosuppressants, and environmental factors (e.g., high-fat diet and air pollution). Effective cancer surveillance is crucial in mitigating risk. Strategies include early endoscopic monitoring for high-risk populations, routine dermatological assessments, and clinical monitoring for tumor-related symptoms.
This review synthesizes current evidence on the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenic mechanisms, and clinical management strategies for IBD-related malignancies in children. An in-depth characterization of the mechanisms by which pediatric IBD contributes to tumorigenesis is essential for developing surveillance protocols and advancing research to reduce tumor-associated morbidity.
炎症性肠病（IBD）患儿由于长期暴露于慢性炎症和免疫抑制治疗中，患癌风险更高。
对现有文献进行全面综述。结果：儿童IBD的癌症情况复杂，主要关注的是结直肠癌、小肠癌、淋巴瘤、胆管癌/肝细胞癌和皮肤癌。潜在的致病机制包括慢性炎症诱导的基因组不稳定、免疫抑制剂的致癌作用以及环境因素（如高脂肪饮食和空气污染）。有效的癌症监测对于降低风险至关重要。策略包括对高危人群进行早期内镜监测、常规皮肤科评估以及对肿瘤相关症状进行临床监测。
本综述综合了目前关于儿童IBD相关恶性肿瘤的流行病学特征、致病机制和临床管理策略的证据。深入了解儿童IBD促成肿瘤发生的机制对于制定监测方案和推进研究以降低肿瘤相关发病率至关重要。
