Zhang Lu, Jiang Liangliang, Xu Rong, Zhang Xuemei, Zhang Boxun, Yue Rensong
Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Aug 27;16:1647064. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1647064. eCollection 2025.
A comprehensive assessment of the disease burden is essential for developing effective strategies to address diabetic nephropathy. This study investigates the long-term global trends and epidemiological characteristics of diabetic nephropathy.
Data on diabetic nephropathy from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 were utilized to evaluate morbidity, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and the impact of the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Global risk attribution was assessed, and the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model was applied to forecast the future burden of diabetic nephropathy.
In 2021, there were 107.6 million prevalent cases of diabetic nephropathy globally (95% UI: 99.2-116.0), with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 1,259.6 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 1,162.0-1,359.9), representing a 5.1% decline since 1990. Global deaths attributed to diabetic nephropathy in 2021 reached 477.3 thousand (95% UI: 401.5-566.0), with an age-standardized mortality rate of 5.7 per 100,000 (95% UI: 4.8-6.8), reflecting a 37.8% increase since 1990. The number of DALYs attributable to diabetic nephropathy was 11,278.9 thousand (95% UI: 9,682.8-13,103.9), with an age-standardized DALY rate of 131.1 per 100,000 (95% UI: 112.8-152.5), indicating a 24% rise since 1990.
Over the past three decades, the global age-standardized prevalence of diabetic nephropathy has declined, while age-standardized mortality and DALY rates have increased. Significant disparities exist in prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates across regions and countries. The SDI exerts a notable influence on diabetic nephropathy prevalence, underscoring the importance of sustained and enhanced management of risk factors to prevent and treat this condition. Diabetic nephropathy remains a critical global health challenge moving forward.
全面评估疾病负担对于制定应对糖尿病肾病的有效策略至关重要。本研究调查糖尿病肾病的长期全球趋势和流行病学特征。
利用全球疾病负担（GBD）2021中关于糖尿病肾病的数据来评估发病率、死亡率、伤残调整生命年（DALYs）以及社会人口指数（SDI）的影响。评估全球风险归因，并应用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列（BAPC）模型预测糖尿病肾病未来的负担。
2021年，全球糖尿病肾病的患病率为1.076亿例（95%不确定区间：9920万 - 1.16亿），年龄标准化患病率为每10万人1259.6例（95%不确定区间：1162.0 - 1359.9），自1990年以来下降了5.1%。2021年全球归因于糖尿病肾病的死亡人数达47.73万（95%不确定区间：40.15万 - 56.6万），年龄标准化死亡率为每10万人5.7例（95%不确定区间：4.8 - 6.8），自1990年以来增加了37.8%。归因于糖尿病肾病的伤残调整生命年数为1127.89万（95%不确定区间：968.28万 - 1310.39万），年龄标准化伤残调整生命年率为每10万人131.1例（95%不确定区间：112.8 - 152.5），自1990年以来上升了24%。
在过去三十年中，全球糖尿病肾病的年龄标准化患病率下降，而年龄标准化死亡率和伤残调整生命年率上升。各地区和国家在患病率、发病率和伤残调整生命年率方面存在显著差异。社会人口指数对糖尿病肾病患病率有显著影响，凸显了持续加强危险因素管理以预防和治疗该病的重要性。糖尿病肾病仍是未来一项严峻的全球健康挑战。
