Zhang Hongjuan, Luan Jia, He Ling, Pan Xianfang, Zhang Hujun, Li Yujie, Li Haiyan
Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China.
Health Examination Center, The 940th Hospital of The Joint Logistics Support Force of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.
Int J Mol Med. 2025 Nov;56(5). doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2025.5633. Epub 2025 Sep 12.
The gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system involving the central nervous system, enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, plays a pivotal role in neurological health and disease. The present review synthesizes current evidence on its anatomical foundations, functional mechanisms and the role of gut microbiota in neurological diseases. It is explored how dysregulation of the gut-brain axis contributes to neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, neurodevelopmental, cerebrovascular and epileptic disorders through molecular mechanisms including neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter modulation, oxidative stress, and blood-brain barrier changes. Furthermore, therapeutic strategies targeting this axis, such as dietary interventions, probiotics, pharmacological approaches and emerging therapies were evaluated. The present review highlights the potential for developing biomarkers and personalized medicine approaches based on gut-brain axis components, while acknowledging translational challenges. However, significant heterogeneity in probiotic strains, FMT protocols, and patient microbiota baselines limits immediate translation. Future trials must address these variables through standardized designs and multi-omics biomarker integration.
肠-脑轴是一个涉及中枢神经系统、肠神经系统和胃肠道的双向通信系统，在神经健康和疾病中起着关键作用。本综述综合了关于其解剖学基础、功能机制以及肠道微生物群在神经疾病中的作用的现有证据。探讨了肠-脑轴失调如何通过神经炎症、神经递质调节、氧化应激和血脑屏障变化等分子机制导致神经退行性疾病、神经炎症性疾病、神经发育性疾病、脑血管疾病和癫痫疾病。此外，还评估了针对该轴的治疗策略，如饮食干预、益生菌、药理学方法和新兴疗法。本综述强调了基于肠-脑轴成分开发生物标志物和个性化医学方法的潜力，同时也认识到转化方面的挑战。然而，益生菌菌株、粪菌移植方案和患者微生物群基线的显著异质性限制了其立即转化应用。未来的试验必须通过标准化设计和多组学生物标志物整合来解决这些变量问题。
