Ultrahigh-precision analog computing using memory-switching geometric ratio of transistors.

Analog computing has gained increasing attention for its potential in artificial intelligence hardware. The computation in traditional analog systems relies on use of intrinsic physical quantities (e.g., resistance), which are prone to fluctuations due to environmental changes or repeated programming, leading to compromised precision. Here, we shift the reliance on intrinsic physical quantity of memory devices to geometric ratio of transistors, enabling ultrahigh-precision analog computation. We demonstrate an analog in-memory computing chip based on a standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process, achieving the highest precision reported to date. Enhanced by the proposed weight remapping technique, the chip realizes ultrahigh computing accuracy with a root mean square error of only 0.101% across multiple parallel vector-by-matrix multiplication operations. Moreover, our analog in-memory computing chip maintains high precision, with an error of 0.155 and 0.130% under environmental temperatures of -78.5° and 180°C, respectively. This work pushes the boundaries of analog computing precision by leveraging stable geometry feature of devices.