Abdallah Amr H, Ebrahim Nesrine, Saeed Samar, Abdallah Ahmed N, Elsharkawy Samar H, Abdelgalil Ahmed I, El Ghoul Wahid S, Mohamed Yasser M A, Shamaa Ashraf A
Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
Faculty of Medicine, Benha University. Benha National University, Faculty of Medicine, Benha, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2025 Sep 12;15(1):32494. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-17233-5.
Critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) are causing a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery for their inability to heal spontaneously, demanding innovative biomaterials to enhance bone formation. Current therapies, as autografts and allografts, are restricted by donor site morbidity and immune rejection. The current study presents a novel, biocompatible composite material formed of nano-graphene oxide (nGO), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and hydroxyapatite (HAp) and designed to synergistically control the unique characters of each component. The novelty of this composite is due to its composition as it formed via the combination of nGO for enhancement of the mechanical strength and the cell proliferation, MTA for its higher bioactivity and its ability for cement formation, while the HAp having optimum biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, this synergistic interaction was not previously explored for CSBD repair. The current study utilized a rat model of critical-sized radial bone defects. The nGO/MTA/HAp composite was manufactured by consuming a modified Hummer’s method for nGO, combined with commercially available MTA and HAp. Radiographic and computed tomography (CT) evaluation at 2-, 4-, and 8-weeks post-operation elaborating the progressive bone formation in the treated group compared to minimal changes in the untreated group. Histopathological examination demonstrated strong composite integration, massive cellular infiltration, and strong signs of osteoblast differentiation, causing approximately 75–85% defect closure at the 8th week. The current study highlights the potential of the nGO/MTA/HAp composite as a biocompatible and osteoinductive composite for CSBD repair, presenting enhanced mechanical strength, bioactivity, and osteoconductivity.
临界尺寸骨缺损（CSBDs）因其无法自发愈合，给骨科手术带来了巨大挑战，需要创新的生物材料来促进骨形成。目前的治疗方法，如自体骨移植和异体骨移植，受到供体部位发病率和免疫排斥的限制。本研究提出了一种新型的生物相容性复合材料，由纳米氧化石墨烯（nGO）、三氧化矿物凝聚体（MTA）和羟基磷灰石（HAp）组成，旨在协同控制各组分的独特特性。这种复合材料的新颖之处在于其组成，它是通过将用于增强机械强度和细胞增殖的nGO、具有更高生物活性和水泥形成能力的MTA以及具有最佳生物相容性和骨传导性的HAp组合而成，此前尚未探索这种协同相互作用用于CSBD修复。本研究使用了临界尺寸桡骨缺损的大鼠模型。nGO/MTA/HAp复合材料通过改进的Hummer法制备nGO，并与市售的MTA和HAp结合而成。术后2周、4周和8周的X线和计算机断层扫描（CT）评估显示，与未治疗组的微小变化相比，治疗组的骨形成逐渐增加。组织病理学检查显示复合材料整合良好、大量细胞浸润以及成骨细胞分化的强烈迹象，在第8周时缺损闭合率约为75-85%。本研究强调了nGO/MTA/HAp复合材料作为一种用于CSBD修复的生物相容性和骨诱导性复合材料的潜力，具有增强的机械强度、生物活性和骨传导性。
