Ratajczak-Pawłowska Alicja Ewa, Jezierska Karolina, Szymczak-Tomczak Aleksandra, Zawada Agnieszka, Rychter Anna Maria, Skoracka Kinga, Dobrowolska Agnieszka, Krela-Kaźmierczak Iwona
Laboratory of Nutrigenetics, Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Aug 29;17(17):2830. doi: 10.3390/cancers17172830.
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women. It is a significant health and social issue affecting 2.3 million women worldwide. Breast cancer is caused by various factors, including gender, age, race, genetics, hormonal balance, obesity, alcohol and many others. A crucial issue related to breast cancer is the impact of diet on the development of the disease. Dietary fats play a key role. Saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids increase the risk of breast cancer, while polyunsaturated fatty acids have a protective effect. A high-protein diet reduces the risk of breast cancer and improves prognosis among patients. The role of carbohydrates remains unclear, but women may benefit from reducing their intake of high glycemic index foods. Among the macronutrients influencing the development and progression of breast cancer are calcium and magnesium. Adopting a Mediterranean diet may offer benefits. Among the factors influencing the development of breast cancer, the gastrointestinal microbiota is also noteworthy. Regular physical activity can reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, support treatment, reduce side effects and improve patients' quality of life. Chronic stress also contributes to the development of breast cancer by affecting the nervous, hormonal and immune systems, disrupting the body's homeostasis.
乳腺癌是女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤。它是一个重大的健康和社会问题，影响着全球230万女性。乳腺癌由多种因素引起，包括性别、年龄、种族、遗传、激素平衡、肥胖、酒精等诸多因素。与乳腺癌相关的一个关键问题是饮食对该疾病发展的影响。膳食脂肪起着关键作用。饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸会增加患乳腺癌的风险，而多不饱和脂肪酸则具有保护作用。高蛋白饮食可降低患乳腺癌的风险并改善患者的预后。碳水化合物的作用尚不清楚，但女性减少高血糖指数食物的摄入量可能会有益处。在影响乳腺癌发展和进展的常量营养素中，钙和镁也很重要。采用地中海饮食可能有益。在影响乳腺癌发展的因素中，胃肠道微生物群也值得关注。定期进行体育锻炼可以降低患乳腺癌的风险、辅助治疗、减轻副作用并提高患者的生活质量。慢性压力也会通过影响神经、激素和免疫系统，破坏身体的稳态，从而促使乳腺癌的发展。
