Krawczyk Ewa
Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2025 Aug 29;17(17):2834. doi: 10.3390/cancers17172834.
Despite their disadvantages, preclinical models in vitro are still crucial for every area of biomedical science. They remain a necessary basis for biological, biochemical, and mechanistic studies of pathophysiology of human disease, evaluation of diagnostic tests, assessment of vaccines, as well as screening of potential and repurposed drugs before they are adapted to clinical use. In contrast to animal models in vivo, preclinical in vitro models are cost and time effective. They are easier to use, and, in most cases, they are not associated with ethical concerns. Therefore, they are extensively used in cancer research. Conditional cell reprogramming (CCR) has been one of the novel technologies utilized as a preclinical model in vitro for various common cancers and other diseases. It may be even more important for the research related to rare cancers-elusive, difficult to study, and with insufficient number of relevant models available. Applications of this technology for the basic and translational studies of rare cancers are described in this article. Evaluation of the mechanisms of tumorigenicity and metastasis in neuroblastoma, neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma, ependymoma and astrocytoma, as well as screening of potential drugs and other therapeutic approaches for the laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma, demonstrate that the CCR technology is a potential reliable model for various aspects of rare cancer research in the future.
尽管存在缺点，但体外临床前模型在生物医学科学的各个领域仍然至关重要。它们仍然是人类疾病病理生理学的生物学、生物化学和机制研究、诊断测试评估、疫苗评估以及潜在药物和重新利用药物在临床应用前筛选的必要基础。与体内动物模型相比，临床前体外模型具有成本效益和时间效益。它们更易于使用，并且在大多数情况下，它们不存在伦理问题。因此，它们被广泛应用于癌症研究。条件性细胞重编程（CCR）一直是作为各种常见癌症和其他疾病的体外临床前模型使用的新技术之一。对于与罕见癌症相关的研究来说，它可能更为重要——罕见癌症难以捉摸、难以研究且可用的相关模型数量不足。本文描述了该技术在罕见癌症基础研究和转化研究中的应用。对神经母细胞瘤、神经内分泌宫颈癌、室管膜瘤和星形细胞瘤的致瘤性和转移机制的评估，以及对喉癌、下咽癌和腺样囊性癌的潜在药物和其他治疗方法的筛选，表明CCR技术是未来罕见癌症研究各个方面的潜在可靠模型。
