Cao Weiyu, Sun Hai, Shao Cai, Long Hongjie, Cui Yanmei, Sun Changwei, Zhang Yayu
Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Cultivation and Propagation, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
School of Pharmacy and School of Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
Foods. 2025 Aug 26;14(17):2981. doi: 10.3390/foods14172981.
This study investigated individual/combined nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) deficiencies on ginseng root aroma using GC-MS metabolomics. Four treatments (normal supply, N deficiency (LN), K deficiency (LK), and dual deficiency (LNLK)) were analyzed. Deficiencies impaired growth, mineral accumulation, and induced oxidative stress, suppressing ginsenoside biosynthesis. From 1768 detected VOCs, 304 compounds (rOAV ≥ 1) significantly contributed to aroma. LN inhibited terpenoids (e.g., isoborneol) but upregulated sulfur compounds (e.g., di-2-propenyl tetrasulfide), intensifying pungency. LK enhanced sweet/woody notes (e.g., 2'-acetonaphthone) via flavonoid biosynthesis and toluene degradation. LNLK reduced esters (e.g., benzyl acetate) and terpenes, attenuating floral-balsamic nuances by coordinating aromatic degradation, glutathione metabolism, and ABC transporters. N-K nutrition dynamically shapes ginseng aroma by differentially regulating phenylpropanoid, terpenoid, and sulfur pathways, providing a foundation for precision fertilization and quality improvement.
本研究采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用代谢组学方法，调查了人参根香气受氮（N）和钾（K）单一或联合缺乏的影响。分析了四种处理方式（正常供应、缺氮（LN）、缺钾（LK）和双重缺乏（LNLK））。缺乏会损害生长、矿物质积累并诱导氧化应激，抑制人参皂苷生物合成。在检测到的1768种挥发性有机化合物中，304种化合物（相对气味活性值≥1）对香气有显著贡献。缺氮抑制萜类化合物（如异龙脑），但上调含硫化合物（如二 - 2 - 丙烯基四硫化物），增强刺激性。缺钾通过类黄酮生物合成和甲苯降解增强甜香/木香调（如2'- 乙酰萘）。双重缺乏降低酯类（如乙酸苄酯）和萜类化合物，通过协调芳香族降解、谷胱甘肽代谢和ABC转运蛋白来减弱花香 - 香脂调。氮 - 钾营养通过差异调节苯丙烷类、萜类和含硫途径，动态塑造人参香气，为精准施肥和品质提升奠定基础。
