Li Baoshan, Mo Ke, Zhou Lipeng, Wang Yanjun, Li Yaping, Zhang Wei, Zhu Chenghao, Sun Zhirong
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
Ningqiang County Traditional Chinese Medicinal Industry Development Center, Hanzhong 724400, China.
Molecules. 2025 Aug 23;30(17):3474. doi: 10.3390/molecules30173474.
(tianma, TM), a traditional medicine that has food and medicine homology, faces controversy over retaining its epidermis (tianma pi, TP) during processing due to unclear phytochemical value. This study presents the first integrated approach combining GC-IMS, UHPLC-MS, and () aging models to compare TP with the tuber core (tianma xin, TX). The results include the following: (1) A total of forty-seven volatile compounds were identified by GC-IMS, including 12 key aroma substances via relative odor activity value (ROAV ≥ 1), of which seven (()-4-heptenal, β-citronellol, hexanal, 1-pentanol, 1-octen-3-one, 2-methylpropanol, and 2-butanone) were enriched in TP. (2) Non-targeted metabolomics revealed 1025 metabolites via UHPLC-MS, highlighting phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as the primary differential pathway ( < 0.05). Phenylpropanoids and polyketides exhibited predominant enrichment in TP (|log2FC| > 2, VIP > 1, < 0.01). (3) In models, TP outperformed TX in pharyngeal pumping (4.16%, < 0.05), while both extended stress-resistant lifespan ( < 0.01). In conclusion, TP plays an essential role in establishing the characteristic odor profile of TM and retaining bioactive components, particularly phenylpropanoids. Preserving TP during processing optimally maintains the distinctive aroma profile and pharmacological value of TM, which provides valuable guidance for industrial utilization.
天麻（TM）是一种药食同源的传统药材，由于其表皮（天麻皮，TP）的植物化学价值尚不明确，在加工过程中是否保留表皮存在争议。本研究首次采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱（GC-IMS）、超高效液相色谱-质谱（UHPLC-MS）和（）衰老模型相结合的综合方法，比较天麻皮与天麻芯（天麻心，TX）。结果如下：（1）通过GC-IMS共鉴定出47种挥发性化合物，其中12种关键香气物质的相对气味活性值（ROAV≥1），其中7种（（）-4-庚烯醛、β-香茅醇、己醛、1-戊醇、1-辛烯-3-酮、2-甲基丙醇和2-丁酮）在天麻皮中富集。（2）非靶向代谢组学通过UHPLC-MS揭示了1025种代谢物，突出了苯丙烷生物合成作为主要差异途径（<0.05）。苯丙烷类和聚酮类化合物在天麻皮中表现出主要富集（|log2FC|>2，VIP>1，<0.01）。（3）在（）模型中，天麻皮在咽部抽动方面优于天麻芯（4.16%，<0.05），而两者均延长了抗应激寿命（<0.01）。总之，天麻皮在建立天麻的特征气味特征和保留生物活性成分，特别是苯丙烷类化合物方面起着重要作用。加工过程中保留天麻皮可最佳地保持天麻独特的香气特征和药理价值，为工业利用提供了有价值的指导。
