Chakkor Ouiame
Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul Aydın University, İstanbul 34295, Turkey.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Aug 26;17(17):2310. doi: 10.3390/polym17172310.
Rapid urbanization and industrialization have increased atmospheric pollution, particularly via sulfur oxides (SO) that form sulfuric acid and accelerate the degradation of cementitious materials. While Portland-cement systems have been widely studied, less is known about the acid resistance of geopolymer mortars. This study investigates the durability and microstructural evolution of metakaolin-red mud geopolymer mortars incorporating limestone, marble, and basalt powders as partial sand replacements (5, 10, and 15 wt %). Specimens were immersed in 3% HSO for 30, 60, and 90 days, with performance evaluated via compressive and flexural strength, weight loss, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), alongside scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). After 90 days, the optimal basalt-filled mix (15 wt %) retained 84% of its initial compressive strength (46.8 MPa), compared with 61% for the control; mass loss decreased from 6.4% (control) to 3.2%, and UPV degradation was reduced by 35%. Microstructural analyses indicate denser gel phases and reduced microcracking in basalt- and marble-filled mixes. These results demonstrate that industrial by-product fillers can significantly improve sulfuric-acid resistance while supporting more sustainable binder technology.
快速的城市化和工业化加剧了大气污染，尤其是通过形成硫酸的硫氧化物（SO），加速了胶凝材料的降解。虽然波特兰水泥体系已得到广泛研究，但关于地质聚合物砂浆的耐酸性了解较少。本研究调查了以石灰石、大理石和玄武岩粉末作为部分砂替代物（5%、10%和15%重量）的偏高岭土-赤泥地质聚合物砂浆的耐久性和微观结构演变。将试件浸泡在3%的HSO中30、60和90天，通过抗压强度、抗折强度、重量损失和超声波脉冲速度（UPV）评估其性能，并结合扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）进行分析。90天后，最佳的玄武岩填充混合料（15%重量）保留了其初始抗压强度（46.8MPa）的84%，而对照组为61%；质量损失从6.4%（对照组）降至3.2%，UPV降解减少了35%。微观结构分析表明，玄武岩和大理石填充混合料中的凝胶相更致密，微裂纹减少。这些结果表明，工业副产品填料可以显著提高耐硫酸性，同时支持更可持续的粘结剂技术。
