Tokusanai Mizuki, Tateishi Koichiro, Hirata Kanako, Fukunishi Nahoko, Suzuki Yusuke, Kono Ryohei, Natsumi Sorama, Kato Chikara, Takekoshi Susumu, Okuno Yoshiharu, Utsunomiya Hirotoshi, Yamamoto Norio
Department of Microbiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.
Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 1;26(17):8487. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178487.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza virus are major respiratory pathogens associated with substantial morbidity and a risk of severe disease. However, the effectiveness of current vaccines and antiviral drugs is limited by viral mutations. Umeboshi, a traditional Japanese food prepared from pickled , is known for its health benefits; certain components of have exhibited antimicrobial properties. However, the efficacy of against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus remains unknown. We aimed to examine the antiviral activity of extracts against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. Cytopathic effect (CPE) assays and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses with full-time treatment demonstrated that four extracts (PM2, PM3, PM4, and PM6) among eight tested inhibited the replication of both viruses. Subsequent time-of-addition assays, plaque assays, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that PM2 directly inactivated viral particles of both viruses by disrupting their structural integrity. Additional evaluations of virion integrity and infectivity suggested that the antiviral activity of PM2 may also involve mechanisms other than direct virion disruption. These findings suggest that -derived components exhibit direct antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, supporting their potential development as antiviral agents or infection-preventive dietary products.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）和流感病毒是引发大量发病和重症风险的主要呼吸道病原体。然而，目前疫苗和抗病毒药物的有效性受到病毒突变的限制。梅干是一种用腌制制成的传统日本食品，以其健康益处而闻名；其某些成分已显示出抗菌特性。然而，其对SARS-CoV-2和流感病毒的疗效仍不清楚。我们旨在研究提取物对SARS-CoV-2和流感病毒的抗病毒活性。细胞病变效应（CPE）测定以及全时处理的逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）分析表明，在测试的八种提取物中，有四种提取物（PM2、PM3、PM4和PM6）抑制了两种病毒的复制。随后的添加时间测定、噬斑测定和透射电子显微镜（TEM）证实，PM2通过破坏两种病毒的结构完整性直接灭活了它们的病毒颗粒。对病毒粒子完整性和感染性的进一步评估表明，PM2的抗病毒活性可能还涉及直接破坏病毒粒子以外的机制。这些发现表明，提取物成分对SARS-CoV-2和流感病毒具有直接抗病毒活性，支持它们作为抗病毒药物或感染预防膳食产品的潜在开发。
