Sabu Jewel Maria, Zahid Izza, Jacob Namitha, Alele Faith O, Malau-Aduli Bunmi S
College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Nov 7;10(11):1880. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10111880.
Efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic have expanded to the vaccination of children and adolescents. This systematic review assesses the utility of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine in children and adolescents aged 5-18 years, considering its effectiveness against COVID infection, hospital and intensive care admission and duration of effectiveness after vaccination. Six databases were searched following the PRISMA guidelines. Pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using meta-analysis. Fifteen studies were included in the systematic review, while 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Evidence suggests that the two-dose vaccination regime provided high effectiveness of 92% (95% CI, 86-96) against COVID infection. Vaccination also conferred high protection against hospitalisation (91%) and intensive care admission (85%). The vaccine was highly protective against the Delta variant of the virus, but showed a lower protection against the Omicron variant. Most adverse effects were transient and mild, commonly including pain at the injection site, fatigue and headache. Current findings are suggestive of waning immunity over time; however, further research is needed to investigate the relevance of booster doses in this age group. In summary, the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine demonstrated high levels of protection against COVID-19 infection and its complications while maintaining an adequate safety profile in children and adolescents.
控制新冠疫情的努力已扩大到儿童和青少年的疫苗接种。本系统评价评估了BNT162b2（辉瑞-生物科技公司）疫苗在5至18岁儿童和青少年中的效用，考量其对新冠感染的有效性、住院和重症监护入院情况以及接种疫苗后的有效持续时间。按照PRISMA指南检索了六个数据库。使用荟萃分析计算合并估计值和95%置信区间（CI）。系统评价纳入了15项研究，荟萃分析纳入了12项研究。有证据表明，两剂接种方案对新冠感染的有效性高达92%（95%CI，86-96）。接种疫苗对住院（91%）和重症监护入院（85%）也有高度保护作用。该疫苗对病毒的德尔塔变种具有高度保护作用，但对奥密克戎变种的保护作用较低。大多数不良反应是短暂且轻微的，常见的包括注射部位疼痛、疲劳和头痛。目前的研究结果表明免疫力会随着时间推移而减弱；然而，需要进一步研究来调查该年龄组加强针的相关性。总之，辉瑞-生物科技公司的BNT162b2疫苗在儿童和青少年中对新冠感染及其并发症表现出高度保护作用，同时保持了足够的安全性。
