Tappeiner Christoph
Department of Ophthalmology, Pallas Kliniken, 4600 Olten, Switzerland.
Medical Faculty, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
J Clin Med. 2025 Sep 6;14(17):6307. doi: 10.3390/jcm14176307.
Artificial intelligence (AI) can improve efficiency, documentation, and diagnostic quality in ophthalmology. This study examined clinical AI adoption, institutional readiness, perceived utility, trust, ethical concerns, and educational needs among Swiss ophthalmologists and residents. In May 2025, an anonymous online survey was distributed to board-certified ophthalmologists and residents across Switzerland. The structured questionnaire addressed clinical AI use, institutional infrastructure, perceptions of diagnostic utility, trust, ethical-legal concerns, and educational preparedness. Responses were recorded on five-point Likert scales. Of 106 respondents (mean age 42.4 ± 11.4 years, 48.1% female), 20.8% reported current clinical AI use. Willingness to use AI exceeded 65% across all 10 diagnostic scenarios, but active use remained ≤12.1%. Institutional readiness was low: 6.6% reported AI-related guidelines, 26.4% had access to an institutional AI contact person, and 28.3% received supervisor support (more often among residents). While 80% agreed that AI can support diagnostics, only 12.1% trusted AI recommendations as much as those from colleagues; 87.9% critically reviewed the results, and 93.9% endorsed the use of AI in an assistive but not independently decision-making role. Ethical-legal concerns included unresolved liability (74.8%), informed consent (66.7%), and data protection adequacy (49.5%). Structured AI education was supported by 77.8%, yet only 15.1% felt prepared, and two-thirds (66.7%) indicated they would use AI more with better training. Ophthalmologists and residents in Switzerland express strong interest in the clinical use of AI and recognize its diagnostic potential. Major barriers include insufficient institutional structures, lack of regulatory clarity, and inadequate educational preparation. Addressing these deficits will be essential for responsible AI integration into ophthalmologic practice.
人工智能（AI）可以提高眼科的效率、文档记录和诊断质量。本研究调查了瑞士眼科医生和住院医生对临床AI的采用情况、机构准备情况、感知效用、信任度、伦理问题以及教育需求。2025年5月，一项匿名在线调查在瑞士各地向获得委员会认证的眼科医生和住院医生发放。结构化问卷涉及临床AI的使用、机构基础设施、对诊断效用的看法、信任度、伦理法律问题以及教育准备情况。回答采用五点李克特量表记录。在106名受访者中（平均年龄42.4±11.4岁，48.1%为女性），20.8%报告目前在临床中使用AI。在所有10种诊断场景中，使用AI的意愿超过65%，但实际使用率仍≤12.1%。机构准备情况较差：6.6%报告有与AI相关的指南，26.4%能够联系到机构内的AI联系人，28.3%得到上级支持（住院医生中更常见）。虽然80%的人同意AI可以辅助诊断，但只有12.1%的人对AI建议的信任程度与同事的建议相同；87.9%的人会对结果进行严格审查，93.9%的人支持AI在辅助决策而非独立决策中发挥作用。伦理法律问题包括责任未解决（74.8%）、知情同意（66.7%）和数据保护充分性（49.5%）。77.8%的人支持开展结构化AI教育，但只有15.1%的人觉得自己已做好准备，三分之二（66.7%）的人表示，经过更好的培训后会更多地使用AI。瑞士的眼科医生和住院医生对AI的临床应用表现出浓厚兴趣，并认识到其诊断潜力。主要障碍包括机构结构不足、监管不够明确以及教育准备不足。解决这些不足对于将AI负责任地整合到眼科实践中至关重要。
