Wang Liangsen, Ma Wenyue, Li Xinglu, Zhu Wenfei, Zhang Xinxin, Sun Yuliang
School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
Nutrients. 2025 Aug 26;17(17):2755. doi: 10.3390/nu17172755.
This study aimed to examine the associations between dietary patterns and physical fitness among Chinese children, adolescents, and young adults, and to investigate the differences in dietary patterns and physical fitness between urban and rural Chinese children and adolescents. The data were obtained from the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH). The final analysis included 200,276 participants from fourth grade to the fourth year of undergraduate study from urban and rural China. Statistical analyses were conducted using the R software (version 4.4.3). Group differences were examined using -tests, and multivariable linear regression models were applied to evaluate associations between dietary patterns and physical fitness indicators, adjusting for sex, educational stage, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. Interaction terms were included to assess urban-rural differences. Regular consumption of breakfast, eggs, and dairy products was positively associated with muscular strength, endurance, flexibility, and speed ( < 0.05), while higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages was negatively associated with flexibility and muscular performance ( < 0.001). These associations were stronger among rural students, who benefited more from healthy dietary patterns but were also more vulnerable to the adverse effects of sugary beverages on BMI, lung capacity, and strength. This study explored the associations between dietary patterns and physical fitness among children, adolescents, and young adults in Chinese urban and rural areas. Our findings suggest that regular consumption of breakfast, eggs, and dairy products is positively associated with muscular strength, speed, endurance, and coordination, whereas frequent intake of sugary beverages is associated with poorer physical fitness. These associations appeared to differ between urban and rural populations: rural students may benefit more from nutrient-rich dietary patterns but also seem more vulnerable to the adverse associations of sugary beverages.
本研究旨在探讨中国儿童、青少年和青年成年人的饮食模式与身体素质之间的关联，并调查中国城乡儿童和青少年在饮食模式和身体素质方面的差异。数据来自中国国家学生体质与健康调查（CNSSCH）。最终分析纳入了来自中国城乡四年级至本科四年级的200,276名参与者。使用R软件（版本4.4.3）进行统计分析。使用t检验检验组间差异，并应用多变量线性回归模型评估饮食模式与身体素质指标之间的关联，同时对性别、教育阶段、社会经济地位和身体活动进行了调整。纳入交互项以评估城乡差异。经常食用早餐、鸡蛋和乳制品与肌肉力量、耐力、柔韧性和速度呈正相关（P<0.05），而高糖饮料摄入量较高与柔韧性和肌肉表现呈负相关（P<0.001）。这些关联在农村学生中更强，他们从健康饮食模式中受益更多，但也更容易受到含糖饮料对体重指数、肺活量和力量的不利影响。本研究探讨了中国城乡儿童、青少年和青年成年人饮食模式与身体素质之间的关联。我们的研究结果表明，经常食用早餐、鸡蛋和乳制品与肌肉力量、速度、耐力和协调性呈正相关，而频繁摄入含糖饮料与较差的身体素质相关。这些关联在城乡人群中似乎有所不同：农村学生可能从营养丰富的饮食模式中受益更多，但似乎也更容易受到含糖饮料不利关联的影响。
