Zborowski Marek, Skotnicka Magdalena
The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Nowy Sącz, Kościuszki 2G, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland.
Department of Commodity Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Aug 31;17(17):2841. doi: 10.3390/nu17172841.
Proper hydration is essential for maintaining homeostasis and the effective functioning of physiological systems, including the nervous and circulatory systems. During adolescence, a period characterized by rapid somatic growth, hormonal maturation, and increased physical and mental activity, the demand for water increases significantly. Hydration affects not only the health of young people, but also their cognitive abilities, concentration, mood, and general well-being. Despite clear recommendations from institutions such as EFSA and IOM regarding daily fluid intake, numerous studies indicate that a significant proportion of young people do not achieve the recommended level of hydration. The school environment is particularly worrying, as young people spend a significant part of their day there, and the availability of water, health knowledge, and social conditions may contribute to dehydration or promote unhealthy choices (e.g., sweetened drinks). The aim of this article is to review the current state of knowledge on the importance of hydration in school-age adolescents. The physiological basis of hydration, the impact of insufficient fluid intake on the functioning of the young body, current guidelines, as well as the results of selected epidemiological studies and obstacles to ensuring optimal hydration in the school environment are discussed.
适当的水合作用对于维持体内平衡以及包括神经和循环系统在内的生理系统的有效运作至关重要。在青春期，这一时期的特点是身体快速生长、激素成熟以及身心活动增加，对水的需求显著增加。水合作用不仅影响年轻人的健康，还影响他们的认知能力、注意力、情绪和总体幸福感。尽管欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）和美国医学研究所（IOM）等机构对每日液体摄入量有明确建议，但大量研究表明，很大一部分年轻人未达到建议的水合水平。学校环境尤其令人担忧，因为年轻人一天中大部分时间都在学校，而水的供应、健康知识和社会环境可能导致脱水或促使做出不健康的选择（如含糖饮料）。本文的目的是回顾当前关于学龄青少年水合作用重要性的知识现状。讨论了水合作用的生理基础、液体摄入不足对年轻身体机能的影响、当前指南，以及选定的流行病学研究结果和在学校环境中确保最佳水合作用的障碍。
