Bajerska Joanna, Skoczek-Rubińska Aleksandra, Dębińska-Kubiak Magdalena, Stanisławska Wiktoria, Walkowiak Jarosław
Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Physical Culture, Poznań University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Aug 22;17(17):2727. doi: 10.3390/nu17172727.
: The decrease in estrogen levels during menopause is associated with an increase in visceral fat accumulation, which can contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). While some studies have suggested a link between the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the reduced incidence of MetS and its components in the general population, these findings have not been confirmed among postmenopausal women. Therefore, this study investigated the association between the adherence to the MedDiet and the odds of having MetS, and established the food groups responsible for this effect in postmenopausal women. : This cross-sectional study involved 312 postmenopausal women who underwent anthropometric measurements and blood parameter assessment. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed using the Alternate Mediterranean Diet score (the aMED score), and MetS was defined based on the updated 2022 criteria. : After adjusting for potential confounders, adherence to the MedDiet was inversely associated with central obesity and hypertension. For each one-point increase in the aMED score (indicating a better adherence to the MedDet), the odds of central obesity and hypertension were significantly reduced by 33% (OR = 0.669, 95% CI: 0.518; 0.866, = 0.002) and by 18% (OR = 0.817, 95% CI: 0.689; 0.969, = 0.020), respectively. A greater consumption of nuts and fish was associated with lower odds of central obesity (OR = 0.972, 95% CI: 0.950; 0.995; = 0.016) and (OR = 0.989, 95%CI: 0.979; 1.000; = 0.043), respectively, whereas high processed red meat consumption was associated with hypertension (OR = 1.004, 95% CI: 1.000; 1.008, = 0.048). : A greater adherence to the MedDiet was associated with lower odds of central obesity and hypertension among postmenopausal women; however, it did not translate to a reduced likelihood of having MetS. A higher consumption of nuts and fish was associated with lower odds of central obesity, whereas a higher consumption of red, processed meats was associated with higher odds of hypertension. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causality of these relationships.
更年期期间雌激素水平的下降与内脏脂肪堆积增加有关，这可能会导致代谢综合征（MetS）的发展。虽然一些研究表明地中海饮食（MedDiet）与一般人群中MetS及其组成部分的发病率降低之间存在联系，但这些发现在绝经后女性中尚未得到证实。因此，本研究调查了坚持MedDiet与患MetS几率之间的关联，并确定了绝经后女性中造成这种影响的食物类别。
这项横断面研究涉及312名接受人体测量和血液参数评估的绝经后女性。使用替代地中海饮食评分（aMED评分）评估对MedDiet的坚持程度，并根据2022年更新的标准定义MetS。
在调整潜在混杂因素后，坚持MedDiet与中心性肥胖和高血压呈负相关。aMED评分每增加1分（表明对MedDet的坚持程度更高），中心性肥胖和高血压的几率分别显著降低33%（OR = 0.669，95%CI：0.518；0.866，P = 0.002）和18%（OR = 0.817，95%CI：0.689；0.969，P = 0.020）。更多地食用坚果和鱼类分别与中心性肥胖几率较低（OR = 0.972，95%CI：0.950；0.995；P = 0.016）和（OR = 0.989，95%CI：0.979；1.000；P = 0.043）相关，而高加工红肉消费与高血压相关（OR = 1.004，95%CI：1.000；1.008，P = 0.048）。
更高程度地坚持MedDiet与绝经后女性中心性肥胖和高血压的几率较低相关；然而，这并没有转化为患MetS可能性的降低。更多地食用坚果和鱼类与中心性肥胖几率较低相关，而更多地食用红色加工肉类与高血压几率较高相关。需要进行纵向研究来确定这些关系的因果关系。
