Haridy Mohamed F, Shamel Mohamed, Khalil Raghda A, Mohamed Ahmed Refaat, Fouda Hoda, Ahmed Hend S
Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Odontology. 2025 Sep 13. doi: 10.1007/s10266-025-01190-6.
The surface quality of composite CAD/CAM restorations is vital in aesthetics, longevity, and the biological response of surrounding gingival tissues. Yet, little is known about how different finishing and polishing techniques influence cellular behavior at the tissue interface. This study aimed to evaluate how various finishing and polishing systems affect the surface roughness of composite CAD/CAM blocks, and how these differences influence the attachment, viability, and inflammatory response of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). Seventy-seven composite CAD/CAM specimens were prepared and subjected to one-step, two-step, and multi-step finishing/polishing protocols, with or without polishing paste. Surface roughness was measured using a digital profilometer. GMSCs were isolated from healthy donors, characterized, and cultured on the composite surfaces. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, adhesion was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and inflammation-related gene expression (IL-1β and TGF-β) was analyzed via q-PCR. Polished surfaces significantly reduced roughness and improved biological outcomes. Two-step finishing and polishing with paste resulted in the smoothest surfaces. GMSCs showed greater attachment and viability on polished composites, particularly in the two-step group. Inflammatory gene expression was lowest in polished groups, with IL-1β expression highest in unpolished specimens and TGF-β expression highest in the one-step groups. Finishing and polishing protocols directly impact the surface roughness as well as the biocompatibility of CAD/CAM composite surfaces. Smoother surfaces achieved through proper finishing and polishing enhance cell attachment and viability, and reduce inflammatory responses, highlighting the critical role of finishing in restorative success beyond aesthetics.
复合树脂CAD/CAM修复体的表面质量对美观、使用寿命以及周围牙龈组织的生物学反应至关重要。然而，对于不同的修整和抛光技术如何影响组织界面处的细胞行为，人们了解甚少。本研究旨在评估各种修整和抛光系统如何影响复合树脂CAD/CAM块体的表面粗糙度，以及这些差异如何影响牙龈间充质干细胞（GMSCs）的附着、活力和炎症反应。制备了77个复合树脂CAD/CAM标本，并对其进行一步、两步和多步修整/抛光方案处理，有无使用抛光膏。使用数字轮廓仪测量表面粗糙度。从健康供体中分离出GMSCs，进行表征并在复合树脂表面培养。通过MTT法评估细胞活力，使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）评估细胞黏附情况，并通过q-PCR分析炎症相关基因表达（IL-1β和TGF-β）。抛光表面显著降低了粗糙度并改善了生物学结果。使用抛光膏进行两步修整和抛光产生了最光滑的表面。GMSCs在抛光后的复合材料上表现出更强的附着和活力，尤其是在两步处理组中。抛光组的炎症基因表达最低，未抛光标本中IL-1β表达最高，一步处理组中TGF-β表达最高。修整和抛光方案直接影响CAD/CAM复合树脂表面的粗糙度以及生物相容性。通过适当的修整和抛光获得的更光滑表面可增强细胞附着和活力，并减少炎症反应，突出了修整在修复成功中超越美观的关键作用。
