Wang Qifei, Dong Xin, Jiang Deming, Tian Shichao, Qiu Yong, Zhu Yuxuan, Wu Jianguo, Shang Shunuo, Zhang Yajie, Wang Ping, Zhuang Liujing
Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Microsyst Nanoeng. 2025 Sep 15;11(1):172. doi: 10.1038/s41378-025-01038-7.
Neural organoids are emerging as promising in vitro models, offering a unique platform to partially recapitulate the structural and functional complexity of the human nervous system. These three-dimensional (3D) constructs, which mimic key aspects of organ architecture, can be reliably derived from pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Their ability to faithfully model neural development and disease pathogenesis has positioned them as indispensable tools in neuroscience research. However, to further unleash their potential, there is a pressing need for long-term and stable monitoring of their dynamic functions in a 3D context. This review provides a brief overview on diverse types of neural organoids and their induction protocols. We further highlight recent advancements in bioelectronic interfaces and sensors tailored for 3D culture. Finally, we discuss future directions aimed at advanced methodologies for real-time, multidimensional functional analysis, ultimately paving the way for breakthroughs in understanding neural development and pathology.
神经类器官正成为有前景的体外模型，提供了一个独特的平台来部分重现人类神经系统的结构和功能复杂性。这些模拟器官结构关键方面的三维（3D）构建体能够可靠地从多能干细胞（iPSC）或胚胎干细胞（ESC）中获得。它们忠实地模拟神经发育和疾病发病机制的能力使其成为神经科学研究中不可或缺的工具。然而，为了进一步释放其潜力，迫切需要在三维环境中对其动态功能进行长期稳定的监测。本综述简要概述了不同类型的神经类器官及其诱导方案。我们进一步强调了为三维培养量身定制的生物电子界面和传感器的最新进展。最后，我们讨论了旨在实现实时、多维功能分析的先进方法的未来方向，最终为理解神经发育和病理学方面的突破铺平道路。
