Research progress of multimodal biomarkers in the early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD), as a common neurodegenerative disorder, its associated mild cognitive impairment (PD-mild cognitive impairment, PD-MCI) is a key prodromal stage in the progression to PD-dementia (PDD). Cognitive dysfunction seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Early diagnosis of PD-MCI is crucial for the prognosis of the disease. At present, traditional clinical diagnosis mainly relies on neuropsychological tests, but it has limitations such as low sensitivity and being easily interfered by subjective factors. It is difficult to achieve early and accurate identification of PD-MCI, which greatly affects the intervention timing and prognosis of the disease. This article summarizes the research progress of multimodal biomarkers in the early diagnosis of PD-MCI, mainly including the comprehensive application of neuroimaging biomarkers, humoral biomarkers, genetic and molecular biomarkers, digital biomarkers, and clinical assessment, providing new theoretical basis and technical paths for promoting the early diagnosis of PD-MCI. It is of great clinical significance and social value to assist in the formulation of individualized intervention strategies, delay the progression of diseases to dementia, improve the quality of life of patients, and reduce the medical burden on families and society.