Zhou Yi, Wang Ning
Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin University Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Aug 29;16:1637539. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1637539. eCollection 2025.
Tumors represent a significant challenge to human health, with ongoing difficulties in their diagnosis and treatment. Over recent decades, DNA nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field, demonstrating substantial advancements in drug delivery and disease diagnosis. The inherent biocompatibility and programmability of DNA nanostructures allow for their tailored design and assembly, facilitating the delivery of various therapeutic agents. Due to their ease of modification, these nanostructures can be functionalized to recognize specific targets, enabling the targeted drug delivery and minimizing the adverse effects. Furthermore, DNA nanotechnology contributes to the rapid and sensitive detection of tumor biomarkers, enhancing the early-stage diagnosis of malignant tumors. This article comprehensively reviews advancements in DNA nanomaterial applications for tumor diagnosis and treatment. First of all, in the aspect of tumor diagnosis, this review focuses on the research of DNA nanostructures in the detection of tumor biomarkers, and then introduces the application of DNA nanostructures in tumor therapy, including chemotherapy, gene therapy and immunotherapy. Finally, we summarized the challenges and opportunities of DNA nanomaterials in biomedical research and clinical applications. This review systematically organizes key innovations: (1) first comprehensive analysis of DNA nanostructures design principles for the applications in tumor diagnosis and therapy, and (2) original proposal for overcoming clinical translation barriers through precise design and assembly of DNA nanostructures.
肿瘤对人类健康构成重大挑战，其诊断和治疗一直存在困难。近几十年来，DNA纳米技术已成为一个有前景的领域，在药物递送和疾病诊断方面取得了重大进展。DNA纳米结构固有的生物相容性和可编程性使其能够进行定制设计和组装，便于各种治疗剂的递送。由于其易于修饰，这些纳米结构可以功能化以识别特定靶点，实现靶向药物递送并将副作用降至最低。此外，DNA纳米技术有助于快速、灵敏地检测肿瘤生物标志物，提高恶性肿瘤的早期诊断率。本文全面综述了DNA纳米材料在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的应用进展。首先，在肿瘤诊断方面，本综述重点关注DNA纳米结构在肿瘤生物标志物检测中的研究，然后介绍DNA纳米结构在肿瘤治疗中的应用，包括化疗、基因治疗和免疫治疗。最后，我们总结了DNA纳米材料在生物医学研究和临床应用中的挑战与机遇。本综述系统地梳理了关键创新点：（1）首次全面分析了DNA纳米结构在肿瘤诊断和治疗应用中的设计原则，（2）通过精确设计和组装DNA纳米结构克服临床转化障碍的原创性提议。
