Jalhed Hedvig
Academy of Music and Opera, School of Education, Culture and Communication, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
Malmö Academy of Music, Faculty of Fine and Performing Arts, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Front Psychol. 2025 Aug 29;16:1670384. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1670384. eCollection 2025.
This article introduces the pattern theory of immersivity (PTI), a practice-led theoretical framework stemming from the hypothesis that a reorientation of the understanding of immersive art is needed, away from technological sophistication or sensory excess and toward the psychological mechanisms underlying imaginative engagement, regardless of artform or combination of media. The theory posits that immersivity-the capacity of an artwork to induce immersion-is primarily a function of patterned information structures that stimulate aspects of superior pattern processing (SPP). Immersion is reconceptualised as a process of cognitive filling-in, in which motifs that remain partially concealed elicit fantasies. A distinction is made between immersive perception and immersive performance, each articulated across three graduated levels, culminating in a peak immersive state. This pan-artistic model, formalised as the ORFEUS model, offers artists a tentative tool for designing and analysing the prerequisites for immersive experiences through strategic use of fragmentation, ambiguity, and indirect information. The theory underscores that immersivity is seldom a property of entire artworks, but rather a quality embedded in specific elements that provoke psychological engagement. Ultimately, PTI provides a refined vocabulary and a methodological approach for immersive artmaking in all media; one that integrates artistic know-how with knowledge about the deep structures of human cognition.
本文介绍了沉浸性模式理论（PTI），这是一个以实践为导向的理论框架，其源于这样一种假设：需要对沉浸式艺术的理解进行重新定位，从技术复杂性或感官过度转向想象力参与背后的心理机制，而不考虑艺术形式或媒介组合。该理论认为，沉浸性——一件艺术品引发沉浸感的能力——主要是由刺激高级模式处理（SPP）各方面的模式化信息结构所决定的。沉浸被重新概念化为一个认知填充的过程，其中部分隐藏的主题会引发幻想。文章区分了沉浸式感知和沉浸式表现，二者都通过三个渐进层次来阐述，最终达到巅峰沉浸状态。这个泛艺术模型被形式化为奥菲斯模型，为艺术家提供了一个初步工具，用于通过战略性地运用碎片化、模糊性和间接信息来设计和分析沉浸式体验的先决条件。该理论强调，沉浸性很少是整个艺术品的属性，而是嵌入在引发心理参与的特定元素中的一种特质。最终，PTI为所有媒介的沉浸式艺术创作提供了一种精确的词汇和一种方法论；一种将艺术技巧与关于人类认知深层结构的知识相结合的方法。
