Long Guangfeng, Zhang Xianwei, Yang Li, Zhang Aihua
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Transl Pediatr. 2025 Aug 31;14(8):1845-1853. doi: 10.21037/tp-2025-209. Epub 2025 Aug 24.
During the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), various public health measures effectively reduced the spread of respiratory pathogens like influenza. However, the specific effects of these measures on the transmission patterns of in children-including age and gender differences and regional transmission dynamics-remain not fully understood in Jiangsu Province. This study addressed this gap by analyzing 4 years of longitudinal serum prevalence data to measure the epidemic's impact on transmission among children.
We retrospectively analysed the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection data of in Jiangsu Children's Medical Center from January 2019 to December 2022 to study the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the transmission of major respiratory diseases in children in and around Nanjing. From 2019 to 2022, a total of 55,604 people took IgG tests, and 84,563 people took IgM tests. Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) was used to measure -specific IgM and IgG antibodies quantitatively. We applied one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables across three or more groups, and utilized Pearson χ or Fisher's exact tests to compare categorical variables between groups.
From 2019 to 2021, annual testing volumes declined (IgG: 20,596 to 7,157 and 12,957; IgM: 35,910 to 9,667 and 18,107). Specifically, the IgM-positive rate for decreased from 29.6% in 2019 to 26.5% in 2020 and 22.2% in 2021. The positive rate for IgG dropped from 17.2% in 2019 to 10.0% in 2020 and 6.9% in 2021. Notably, school-age children showed significantly higher seropositivity than preschoolers (IgM: P<0.001; IgG: P<0.001), and girls had higher IgM positivity than boys (e.g., 2019: 31.8% 26.4%, P<0.001).
Between 2020 and 2021, COVID-19 intervention measures significantly lowered the transmission of . However, data from 2022 suggest a risk of rebound. We need to be alert the possible resurgence of in children. This calls for clinical action: increasing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing during the seasonal peak and focusing on monitoring school-aged children and girls.
在2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，各种公共卫生措施有效减少了流感等呼吸道病原体的传播。然而，在江苏省，这些措施对儿童传播模式的具体影响，包括年龄和性别差异以及区域传播动态，仍未完全了解。本研究通过分析4年的纵向血清流行率数据来衡量疫情对儿童传播的影响，以填补这一空白。
我们回顾性分析了2019年1月至2022年12月在江苏省儿童医疗中心进行的免疫球蛋白M（IgM）和免疫球蛋白G（IgG）检测数据，以研究COVID-19大流行对南京及周边地区儿童主要呼吸道疾病传播的影响。2019年至2022年，共有55604人进行了IgG检测，84563人进行了IgM检测。采用化学发光免疫分析法（CLIA）定量检测特异性IgM和IgG抗体。我们对三组或更多组的连续变量应用单因素方差分析（ANOVA），并使用Pearson χ检验或Fisher精确检验比较组间分类变量。
2019年至2021年，年度检测量下降（IgG：从20596例降至7157例和12957例；IgM：从35910例降至9667例和18107例）。具体而言，的IgM阳性率从2019年的29.6%降至2020年的26.5%和2021年的22.2%。IgG阳性率从2019年的17.2%降至2020年的10.0%和2021年的6.9%。值得注意的是，学龄儿童的血清阳性率显著高于学龄前儿童（IgM：P<0.001；IgG：P<0.001），女孩的IgM阳性率高于男孩（例如，2019年：31.8%对26.4%，P<0.001）。
2020年至2021年期间，COVID-19干预措施显著降低了的传播。然而，2022年的数据表明存在反弹风险。我们需要警惕儿童中可能再次出现。这需要临床行动：在季节性高峰期间增加聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测，并重点监测学龄儿童和女孩。
