García-Sánchez Efraín, Turner-Zwinkels Felicity, Kesberg Rebekka, Marot Medhi, Rodríguez-Bailón Rosa, Willis Guillermo B, Kuppens Toon
Stanford SPARQ, Department of Psychology, Stanford University, CA, USA.
Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Int Rev Soc Psychol. 2024 Mar 21;37:5. doi: 10.5334/irsp.838. eCollection 2024.
Economic threats, along with political identities and ideologies, are associated with affective polarization. However, there is still a need to learn more about the consequences of different economic threats and identities fueling polarization. We take a longitudinal perspective in testing the influence of these phenomena on affective polarization. Specifically, we tested the effect of subjective personal and collective economic threats and political, national, regional, and European identities on affective polarization towards politicians and partisans in Spain. We use four waves of the E-DEM panel study from Spain (N = 2,501) collected between 2018 and 2019. We conducted longitudinal multilevel analyses to determine the growth in affective polarization and included predictors at the between- and within-person levels. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that collective economic threats, such as perceiving more unfairness in the distribution of wealth and being dissatisfied with the Spanish economy, positively predict affective polarization. Contrary to our expectations, personal economic threats did not predict affective polarization. Furthermore, political and national identities positively predicted affective polarization towards politicians and partisans. Interestingly, exploratory analyses suggested that the associations between economic threats, identities, and affective polarization are moderated by political ideology. We discuss how economic threats and identities may exacerbate animosities toward political actors.
经济威胁，连同政治身份和意识形态，都与情感两极分化相关。然而，仍有必要进一步了解不同的经济威胁和身份认同加剧两极分化的后果。我们从纵向角度来检验这些现象对情感两极分化的影响。具体而言，我们检验了主观的个人和集体经济威胁以及政治、国家、地区和欧洲身份认同对西班牙民众针对政治家和党派人士的情感两极分化的影响。我们使用了2018年至2019年期间收集的来自西班牙的四波E-DEM面板研究数据（N = 2,501）。我们进行了纵向多层次分析，以确定情感两极分化的发展情况，并纳入了个体间和个体内层面的预测因素。与我们的假设一致，我们发现集体经济威胁，比如认为财富分配更不公平以及对西班牙经济不满，会正向预测情感两极分化。与我们的预期相反，个人经济威胁并不能预测情感两极分化。此外，政治和国家身份认同正向预测了针对政治家和党派人士产生的情感两极分化。有趣的是，探索性分析表明，经济威胁、身份认同与情感两极分化之间的关联受到政治意识形态的调节。我们讨论了经济威胁和身份认同可能如何加剧对政治行为体的敌意。
