Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Factors Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on HAART in Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Chronic kidney disease related to human immunodeficiency virus infection has become a significant concern in sub-Saharan Africa, primarily due to the high prevalence of the virus, along with delays in diagnosis and the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its associated factors among human immunodeficiency virus patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, from November 20, 2023, to February 22, 2024.

METHODS

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out, and 228 study participants were enrolled using a convenient sampling technique. Trained laboratory professional and nurse utilized semi-structured questionnaires to gather sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle data. The collected data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with chronic kidney disease. Statistical significance was determined by a -value less than 0.05.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of chronic kidney disease among study participants was 17.5% (40/228) (95% CI: 12.8%-23.1%). Older age [AOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.08-11.96,  = 0.036] and family history of kidney disease [AOR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.27-7.04,  = 0.012] were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease.

CONCLUSION

Regular monitoring of kidney function is important for older individuals and those with a family history of kidney disease, to promptly identify and effectively manage chronic kidney disease in individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy.