Miller Allison N, Daniels Dennis E N, Heavey Sarah Cercone
Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
Department of Community Health & Health Behavior, School of Public Health & Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2025 Sep 15. doi: 10.1007/s10995-025-04163-x.
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: Postpartum opioid prescription rates remain high, leading to increased morbidity and mortality and increased licit opioid medications diverted into communities. This scoping analysis examined the current processes of postpartum opioid prescribing patterns in America and the implications to maternal and public health.
From the databases PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science, a scoping review was performed utilizing the PRISMA-ScR checklist (Tricco et al. in Ann Intern Med 169(7):467-473, 2018, https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850 ). The primary objective of the search strategy was to identify studies that focused on the postpartum timeframe (obstetric delivery to one year postpartum) and prescribed opioids.
A total of 26 articles met inclusion criteria. Articles were broken down into four themes: trends or current state of postpartum opioid prescribing practices (n = 7); postpartum opioid related risk factors (n = 6); rates of new persistent opioid use and opioid use disorder (OUD; n = 5); protocols or research into reducing postpartum opioid use (n = 8).
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: A variety of interventions and protocols have been found to be advantageous in reducing postpartum opioid use. Despite many of these successful efforts, postpartum opioid prescription rates remain high. Implementation of any number of interventions and protocols may be beneficial to reducing postpartum opioid use. Initiating a postpartum pain task force protocol (PPTFP) before obstetric delivery is recommended.
引言/目的：产后阿片类药物的处方率仍然很高，导致发病率和死亡率上升，以及更多合法阿片类药物流入社区。本范围分析研究了美国目前产后阿片类药物处方模式的过程及其对孕产妇和公共卫生的影响。
利用PRISMA-ScR清单（Tricco等人，《内科学年鉴》169(7):467-473，2018年，https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850），在PubMed、Medline和科学网数据库中进行了范围综述。检索策略的主要目标是识别关注产后时间段（从产科分娩到产后一年）并开具阿片类药物的研究。
共有26篇文章符合纳入标准。文章分为四个主题：产后阿片类药物处方实践的趋势或现状（n = 7）；产后阿片类药物相关风险因素（n = 6）；新的持续阿片类药物使用和阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）的发生率（n = 5）；减少产后阿片类药物使用的方案或研究（n = 8）。
讨论/结论：已发现多种干预措施和方案在减少产后阿片类药物使用方面具有优势。尽管有许多这些成功的努力，但产后阿片类药物处方率仍然很高。实施任何数量的干预措施和方案可能有助于减少产后阿片类药物的使用。建议在产科分娩前启动产后疼痛特别工作组方案（PPTFP）。
