Coban Furkan, Lan Yuzhou, Yetisgin Gül, Yuca Hafize, Aydın Bilge, Angın Hilal, Demirci Betül, Karakaya Songül
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.
Department of Plant Breeding, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden.
PLoS One. 2025 Sep 15;20(9):e0332178. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0332178. eCollection 2025.
The increasing global burden of oxidative stress-related conditions, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders underscores the urgent need for multi-targeted, plant-based therapeutic agents. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties of various Satureja hortensis and Satureja montana extracts and essential oils. In vitro biological activities were assessed through α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition assays, along with DPPH• and ABTS• ⁺ radical scavenging assays. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, S. hortensis root methanol extract (ShRME) and herb water extract (ShHWE) exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (69.88% and 71.23%, respectively). Conversely, S. montana herb water extract (SmHWE) and methanol extract (SmHME) showed the highest DPPH• radical scavenging activity (36.28% and 24.37%, respectively). S. montana essential oil (SmEO) demonstrated notable inhibition of AChE (32.58%) and BChE (41.62%) at 1000 µg/mL, while S. hortensis essential oil (ShEO) inhibited BChE by 44.39%. GC-MS analysis revealed that SmEO primarily contained carvacrol (43.72%), γ-terpinene (17.24%), and p-cymene (14.56%), while ShEO was rich in thymol (39.84%), γ-terpinene (20.16%), and p-cymene (13.72%). These phenolic monoterpenes are likely contributors to the observed antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities. Principal component analysis explained 74.8% of the total variance and clearly separated the samples based on their activity profiles. Extracts were closely associated with glucose-regulating effects, while essential oils clustered with enzyme-inhibiting neuroprotective activities. These findings highlight the multifunctional therapeutic potential of Satureja species and support their further investigation as candidates for the development of plant-derived agents against oxidative stress, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases.
氧化应激相关疾病、糖尿病和神经退行性疾病在全球范围内的负担日益加重，这凸显了对多靶点植物性治疗药物的迫切需求。在此背景下，本研究旨在评估不同种的庭荠和山地庭荠提取物及精油的抗糖尿病、抗氧化和神经保护特性。通过α-葡萄糖苷酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和丁酰胆碱酯酶（BChE）抑制试验以及DPPH•和ABTS• ⁺ 自由基清除试验评估体外生物活性。在浓度为100 µg/mL时，庭荠根甲醇提取物（ShRME）和地上部分水提取物（ShHWE）表现出较强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性（分别为69.88%和71.23%）。相反，山地庭荠地上部分水提取物（SmHWE）和甲醇提取物（SmHME）表现出最高的DPPH•自由基清除活性（分别为36.28%和24.37%）。山地庭荠精油（SmEO）在1000 µg/mL时对AChE（32.58%）和BChE（41.62%）表现出显著抑制作用，而庭荠精油（ShEO）对BChE的抑制率为44.39%。气相色谱-质谱分析表明，SmEO主要含有香芹酚（43.72%）、γ-萜品烯（17.24%）和对伞花烃（14.56%），而ShEO富含百里香酚（39.84%）、γ-萜品烯（20.16%）和对伞花烃（13.72%）。这些酚类单萜可能是观察到的抗氧化和胆碱酯酶抑制活性的原因。主成分分析解释了总方差的74.8%，并根据其活性特征清楚地分离了样本。提取物与血糖调节作用密切相关，而精油则聚集在具有酶抑制作用的神经保护活性方面。这些发现突出了庭荠属植物的多功能治疗潜力，并支持将其作为开发抗氧化应激、糖尿病和神经退行性疾病的植物源药物的候选物进行进一步研究。
