Regeneration of cofactor NAD(P) with NAD(P)H oxidase for the production of value-added chemicals.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) oxidases are the enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of NAD(P)H to produce NAD(P), which is the cofactor of many dehydrogenases. To reduce costs, cofactor regeneration of NAD(P)+ is essential for both enzymatic and whole-cell biotransformations. In the present review, the enzymatic or microbial production of rare sugars like L-tagatose, L-xylulose, L-gulose, and L-sorbose with cofactor regeneration was summarized. And the cofactor regeneration in some value-added chemicals, including acetoin, 1,3-dihydroacetone, vanillic acid, chlorolactone, acetophenone, and kinetic resolution of racemic phenylethanol by employing NADH/NADPH oxidase was also reviewed. The engineering of these enzymes by modifying the enzyme surface, reshaping the catalytic pocket, and mutating the substrate-binding domain of NADH oxidase to improve the catalytic performance for potential industrial applications was discussed in the future outlook.