Ebadi Fathabad Ayub, Zarghi Mohammad Hasan, Jahed Khaniki Gholamreza, Shariatifar Nabi, Johari Negin, Yousefi Saeid, Aslani Ramin
Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Sep 14;13(9):e70966. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70966. eCollection 2025 Sep.
The objective of the current research was to examine the AFM1 contents in 150 milk and dairy product samples (including raw milk, UHT milk, yogurt, ice cream, and pasteurized milk) marketed in Birjand, Iran. The samples were analyzed utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The total mean of AFM1 in the raw milk, UHT milk, pasteurized milk, yogurt, and ice cream was 50.22 ± 12.39 ng/L, 12.17 ± 5.52 ng/L, 35.49 ± 11.07 ng/L, 13.03 ± 4.06 ng/kg, and 116.79 ± 40.35 ng/kg, respectively. The AFM1 contents of all samples were within the US FDA standard limits (500 ng/kg). The amounts of AFM1 in 16 samples of ice cream exceeded the limits set by the Iran National Standard Organization (INSO, 100 ng/kg). The contents of AFM1 in 41 samples exceeded the EU regulation (50 ng/kg). Furthermore, the health risks resulting from AFM1 occurrence in samples were evaluated using the Monte Carlo simulation. The 95th percentile value of the hazard index (HI) and the margin of exposure (MoE) in total samples for children was 9.028 and 2206, respectively, while those for adults were 1.934 and 10,295. The 95th percentile value of quantitative liver cancer risk (CR) in total samples for children and adults was 0.261 and 0.056 cancers/year/per 10 individuals. The risk assessment results indicated the potential health risk posed by AFM1 in milk and dairy products. The implementation of appropriate management policies is recommended to prevent and control AFM1 contamination of food and feed chains.
当前研究的目的是检测在伊朗比尔詹德市销售的150份牛奶及奶制品样本（包括生牛奶、超高温灭菌牛奶、酸奶、冰淇淋和巴氏杀菌牛奶）中的黄曲霉毒素M1（AFM1）含量。利用配备荧光检测器的高效液相色谱法（HPLC-FLD）对样本进行分析。生牛奶、超高温灭菌牛奶、巴氏杀菌牛奶、酸奶和冰淇淋中AFM1的总平均含量分别为50.22±12.39纳克/升、12.17±5.52纳克/升、35.49±11.07纳克/升、13.03±4.06纳克/千克和116.79±40.35纳克/千克。所有样本的AFM1含量均在美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）标准限值（500纳克/千克）范围内。16份冰淇淋样本中的AFM1含量超过了伊朗国家标准组织（INSO，100纳克/千克）设定的限值。41份样本中的AFM1含量超过了欧盟规定（50纳克/千克）。此外，使用蒙特卡洛模拟评估了样本中AFM1存在所导致的健康风险。儿童总样本中危害指数（HI）的第95百分位数和暴露边际（MoE）分别为9.028和2206，而成人则分别为1.934和10295。儿童和成人总样本中定量肝癌风险（CR）的第95百分位数分别为每年每10人中有0.261例和0.056例癌症。风险评估结果表明牛奶和奶制品中AFM1存在潜在的健康风险。建议实施适当的管理政策以预防和控制食品及饲料链中的AFM1污染。
