Blech M F, Hartemann P, Paquin J L
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg B. 1985 Dec;181(6):496-512.
This study was done to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of the successive use of non-antiseptic soaps with different pH and ethanol at different dilutions during in-use tests on the natural cutaneous flora for both surgical and hospital hand-washing. The successive combinations of detergents and alcohol were less effective than the use of alcohol alone. The influence of humidity and pH could be taken into consideration. The antibacterial effect of ethanol after hand-washing is relatively slow. Taking into account this delayed effect, the antibacterial action of soap + ethanol is of the same order as that obtained with antiseptic preparations which have more efficient immediate results. The existence of large individual variations during repeated assays suggests an important role of local phenomena in the cutaneous coat. Thus for surgical purposes (= with glove-wearing), the use of ethanol after hand-washing with an acidic soap could be taken into consideration, but for hygienic purposes (= immediate effect, without glove-wearing) the application of ethanol after hand-washing with non antiseptic soap is not advantageous from a bacteriological quantitative point of view.
本研究旨在调查在针对外科手术洗手和医院洗手的自然皮肤菌群进行的使用测试中，连续使用不同pH值的非抗菌肥皂和不同稀释度乙醇的抗菌效果。洗涤剂和酒精的连续组合效果不如单独使用酒精。湿度和pH值的影响可以考虑在内。洗手后乙醇的抗菌作用相对较慢。考虑到这种延迟作用，肥皂+乙醇的抗菌作用与具有更高效即时效果的抗菌制剂所获得的抗菌作用相当。重复试验期间存在较大的个体差异，这表明局部现象在皮肤表层中起重要作用。因此，对于外科手术目的（=戴手套），可以考虑在使用酸性肥皂洗手后使用乙醇，但从细菌学定量的角度来看，对于卫生目的（=即时效果，不戴手套），在使用非抗菌肥皂洗手后使用乙醇并无优势。
