Vinothkumar Venkatachalam, Sekhar Yellatur Chandra, Chen Shen-Ming, Manjula Natesan, Kim Tae Hyun
Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea.
Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jun 5;25(11):3569. doi: 10.3390/s25113569.
Promethazine hydrochloride (PMH) is a first-generation antipsychotic drug created from phenothiazine derivatives that is widely employed to treat psychiatric disorders in human healthcare systems. However, an overdose or long-term intake of PMH can lead to severe health issues in humans. Hence, establishing a sensitive, accurate, and efficient detection approach to detect PMH in human samples is imperative. In this study, we designed orthorhombic copper molybdate microspheres decorated on reduced graphene oxide (CuMoO/RGO) composite via the effective one-pot hydrothermal method. The structural and morphological features of the designed hybrid were studied using various spectroscopic methods. Subsequently, the electrochemical activity of the composite-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (CuMoO/RGO/SPCE) was assessed by employing voltammetric methods for PMH sensing. Owing to the uniform composition and structural benefits, the combination of CuMoO and RGO has not only improved electrochemical properties but also enhanced the electron transport between PMH and CuMoO/RGO. As a result, the CuMoO/RGO/SPCE exhibited a broad linear range of 0.4-420.8 µM with a low limit of detection (LoD) of 0.015 µM, highlighting excellent electrocatalytic performance to PMH. It also demonstrated good cyclic stability, reproducibility, and selectivity in the presence of chlorpromazine and biological and metal compounds. Furthermore, the CuMoO/RGO/SPCE sensor displayed satisfactory recoveries for real-time monitoring of PMH in human urine and serum samples. This study delivers a promising electrochemical sensor for the efficient analysis of antipsychotic drug molecules.
盐酸异丙嗪（PMH）是一种由吩噻嗪衍生物制成的第一代抗精神病药物，在人类医疗保健系统中广泛用于治疗精神疾病。然而，过量服用或长期摄入PMH会导致人类出现严重的健康问题。因此，建立一种灵敏、准确且高效的检测方法来检测人类样本中的PMH势在必行。在本研究中，我们通过有效的一锅水热法设计了负载在还原氧化石墨烯（CuMoO/RGO）复合材料上的正交钼酸铜微球。使用各种光谱方法研究了所设计的杂化物的结构和形态特征。随后，通过采用伏安法检测PMH来评估复合修饰丝网印刷碳电极（CuMoO/RGO/SPCE）的电化学活性。由于均匀的组成和结构优势，CuMoO和RGO的结合不仅改善了电化学性能，还增强了PMH与CuMoO/RGO之间的电子传输。结果，CuMoO/RGO/SPCE表现出0.4 - 420.8 µM的宽线性范围，检测限低至0.015 µM，突出了对PMH优异的电催化性能。在存在氯丙嗪以及生物和金属化合物的情况下，它还表现出良好的循环稳定性、重现性和选择性。此外，CuMoO/RGO/SPCE传感器在实时监测人类尿液和血清样本中的PMH时显示出令人满意的回收率。本研究提供了一种有前景的电化学传感器，用于高效分析抗精神病药物分子。
