Salman Sumod Abdul Kadhem, Al Muhana Balsam Miri Mizher
Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq.
Open Vet J. 2025 Jun;15(6):2551-2561. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.27. Epub 2025 Jun 30.
() is a major pathogenic bacterium in veterinary medicine and human health. It is one of the most important bacterial agents causing urinary tract infection (UTI). The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming is a great problem today. The aim of the study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic aspects of biofilm formation in multiple drug-resistant (MDR) isolated from UTI infection in human and cattle in Babylon, Iraq.
A total of 168 and 172 urine samples were collected from UTI infection in humans and cattle, respectively, during the period from November 2023 to February 2024. Morphological and biochemical identification was used to diagnose . Additional confirmation was performed by the automated Vitek 2 compact system.
Among the 168 human isolates, 24 (14.2%) and 172 cattle isolates, 16 (9.3%) isolates were diagnosed as . Genotypically identification of the isolates was performed using the 16s RNA gene. Twenty-two (91.6%) from 24 human source isolates and 8 (50%) from 16 animal source isolates were found to be MDR according to the Vitek 2 compact system. Results revealed that 19 (86.3%) and 7(87.5%) MDR isolates were phenotypically positive for biofilm production in concern to human and animal source isolates, respectively. Genotypically, three polysaccharide intracellular adhesion genes and one MSCRAMMs () were screened in MDR bacteria using specific primers. The prevalence rate of genes was A (100%), B (100%), and C (100%) in all 30 MDR isolates. gene were present in 63.6% of human isolates and 75% of cattle source isolates.
The study has shown that the biofilm-forming that causes UTI were resistant to multiple antibiotic agents. These findings underscore the necessity of development effective treatment approaches to control UTI infections in humans and animals.
（某细菌名称未给出）是兽医医学和人类健康领域的主要病原菌。它是引起尿路感染（UTI）的最重要细菌病原体之一。多重耐药和形成生物膜的该细菌发生率不断上升是当今的一个重大问题。本研究的目的是调查从伊拉克巴比伦地区人类和牛的尿路感染中分离出的多重耐药（MDR）（该细菌）生物膜形成的表型和基因型方面。
在2023年11月至2024年2月期间，分别从人类和牛的尿路感染中收集了总共168份和172份尿液样本。使用形态学和生化鉴定来诊断（该细菌）。通过自动化的Vitek 2 compact系统进行进一步确认。
在168份人类分离株中，24株（14.2%）以及在172份牛分离株中，16株（9.3%）被诊断为（该细菌）。使用16s RNA基因对分离株进行基因型鉴定。根据Vitek 2 compact系统，24份人类来源的（该细菌）分离株中有22份（91.6%）以及16份动物来源的（该细菌）分离株中有8份（50%）被发现为多重耐药。结果显示，在人类和动物来源的分离株中，分别有19份（86.3%）和7份（87.5%）多重耐药分离株在生物膜产生方面表型呈阳性。在基因型方面，使用特异性引物在多重耐药细菌中筛选了三个多糖细胞内黏附基因和一个微生物表面成分识别黏附分子（名称未给出）。在所有30份多重耐药分离株中，基因A、B和C的流行率均为100%。该基因在63.6%的人类分离株和75%的牛来源分离株中存在。
该研究表明，导致尿路感染的形成生物膜的（该细菌）对多种抗生素耐药。这些发现强调了开发有效治疗方法以控制人类和动物尿路感染的必要性。
