Pane Agata, Vicenzi Silvia, Mattioli Chiara, Mordini Dario, Menichetti Arianna, Montalti Marco
Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Campana 71, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
Biosensors (Basel). 2025 Sep 22;15(9):631. doi: 10.3390/bios15090631.
Melanin-related materials efficiently emulate the adhesion properties of natural mussel filaments and have been used advantageously for surface modification and for fabrication of electrochemical sensors for detection of environmentally relevant targets. The most applicable advantages of melanin-based coatings are their biocompatibility and versatility, and they can be easily prepared and modified according to simple and highly environmentally friendly procedures. For these reasons, melanin-related materials, in particular polydopamine, which can be obtained simply via oxidative polymerization of dopamine in an aqueous solution in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, have been applied in a large variety of scientific and technological fields. Here, we summarize and critically discuss the most recent and important applications of melanin-related materials in the development of electrochemical sensors for monitoring the environment and food. In particular, the examples used in this paper include toxic metal ions, drugs, and pesticides. In the final section of this paper, the actual limitations of the existing approach are discussed and possible future design improvements are suggested.
黑色素相关材料能够有效模拟天然贻贝丝的粘附特性，已被成功用于表面改性以及制造用于检测环境相关目标的电化学传感器。基于黑色素的涂层最适用的优点在于其生物相容性和多功能性，并且它们可以根据简单且高度环保的程序轻松制备和改性。由于这些原因，黑色素相关材料，特别是聚多巴胺，它可以通过在大气氧气存在下在水溶液中简单地氧化聚合多巴胺来获得，已被应用于各种各样的科学技术领域。在此，我们总结并批判性地讨论了黑色素相关材料在用于监测环境和食品的电化学传感器开发中的最新且重要的应用。特别是，本文中使用的例子包括有毒金属离子、药物和农药。在本文的最后部分，讨论了现有方法的实际局限性，并提出了未来可能的设计改进建议。
