Hristov Krasimir, Bogovska-Gigova Ralitsa
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Dent J (Basel). 2025 Aug 25;13(9):385. doi: 10.3390/dj13090385.
: The management of immature teeth with wide apical foramina presents significant challenges in endodontic treatment due to difficulties in achieving a hermetic seal. The aim of this study was to evaluate void formation in apical plugs created using three calcium silicate-based materials-Biodentine, NuSmile NeoPUTTY, and Well-Root PT-applied with the help of manual, ultrasonic, or rotary file condensation (XP-endo Shaper) in 3D-printed immature teeth. : Micro-computed tomography analysis was used to assess the internal, external, and total void percentage of material volume. The statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and the post hoc Bonferroni test. Statistical significance was set at < 0.05. : The materials and techniques used individually do not significantly influence the formation of internal voids, but their combination does (F(4, 99) = 2.717, = 0.034). Both factors and their interaction are significant for external voids (F(4, 99) = 4.169, = 0.004), and all have a notable effect on total void percentages (F(4, 99) = 3.456, = 0.012). No significant differences were observed in internal voids across the groups ( > 0.05), ranging from 0.635% to 1.078%. External voids varied significantly, with Well-Root PT and ultrasonic condensation showing the highest values with a significant difference ( < 0.05), while NeoPUTTY and Biodentine with XP-endo Shaper exhibited the lowest. Total voids remained below 4%, with no significant differences among manual condensation groups. Neither material type nor application technique consistently influenced void formation, except for Well-Root PT with ultrasonic condensation. : These findings suggest that modern bioceramic materials and application techniques produce comparable, low-void apical plugs, with XP-endo Shaper showing promise for minimizing external voids. The interaction between material and application technique plays a crucial role during the creation of apical plugs.
由于难以实现严密密封，根尖孔宽大的未成熟牙齿的根管治疗面临重大挑战。本研究的目的是评估在3D打印的未成熟牙齿中，使用三种硅酸钙基材料（Biodentine、NuSmile NeoPUTTY和Well-Root PT），借助手动、超声或旋转锉加压（XP-endo Shaper）制作根尖充填体时的空洞形成情况。：采用显微计算机断层扫描分析来评估材料体积的内部、外部和总空洞百分比。使用双向方差分析和事后Bonferroni检验进行统计分析。统计学显著性设定为<0.05。：单独使用的材料和技术对内部空洞的形成没有显著影响，但它们的组合有显著影响（F(4, 99) = 2.717， = 0.034）。两个因素及其相互作用对外部空洞均有显著影响（F(4, 99) = 4.169， = 0.004），并且对总空洞百分比都有显著影响（F(4, 99) = 3.456， = 0.012）。各实验组内部空洞无显著差异（>0.05），范围为0.635%至1.078%。外部空洞差异显著，Well-Root PT和超声加压显示出最高值，差异有统计学意义（<0.05），而NeoPUTTY和使用XP-endo Shaper的Biodentine显示出最低值。总空洞率保持在4%以下，手动加压组之间无显著差异。除了Well-Root PT与超声加压外，材料类型和应用技术均未始终如一地影响空洞形成。：这些发现表明，现代生物陶瓷材料和应用技术可产生类似的、低空洞率的根尖充填体，XP-endo Shaper在减少外部空洞方面显示出前景。材料与应用技术之间的相互作用在根尖充填体的制作过程中起着关键作用。
