Bertoldi Carlo, Nasi Milena, Salvatori Roberta, Pinti Marcello, Montagna Silvia, Tonetti Maurizio, Generali Luigi, Bellei Elisa, Zaffe Davide, Selleri Valentina, Bergamini Stefania
Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, MO, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, School of Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, MO, Italy.
Dent J (Basel). 2025 Sep 22;13(9):436. doi: 10.3390/dj13090436.
This study aims to explore the feasibility of a non-invasive and simple method for discriminating between health and periodontitis (PRD), facilitating early and objective diagnosis of PRD before detectable periodontal attachment loss and monitoring treatment outcomes. Salivary samples were collected from 16 PRD-free patients (G1) and 10 patients with PRD (G2). The analysis included salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), major anti-inflammatory interleukins (IL-4 and IL-10), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, and interferon α [IFN-α]), and the cytokine IL-6. Clinical and salivary assessments were performed at baseline (TP0) for both groups and after periodontal treatment for G2 (TP1). PRD indices were significantly higher in G2-TP0, lower in G1, and intermediate in G2-TP1. Except for IL-6, the biomarkers were significantly correlated with nearly all PRD clinical indices. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses showed statistical significance for MMP-8, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-10 when comparing G1 and G2 at TP0. MMP-8 was also significant when comparing G2-TP0 and G2-TP1, while IL-1β and IL-10 showed borderline significance. IL-8 was significant when comparing G1 and G2-TP1. The molecular network demonstrated great potential for early diagnosis and monitoring of therapy response, providing a promising basis for future research. Among the biomarkers, MMP-8, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-10 showed the strongest statistical correlations with the clinical indices. The inflammation-related biomolecules behaved differently among untreated PRD (G2-TP0), treated (G2-TP1), and healthy individuals (G1). Healthy individuals and those with treated PRD may regulate inflammation significantly differently from those with untreated PRD.
本研究旨在探索一种非侵入性且简单的方法，用于区分健康与牙周炎（PRD），以促进在可检测到牙周附着丧失之前对PRD进行早期和客观的诊断，并监测治疗效果。从16名无PRD患者（G1）和10名PRD患者（G2）中收集唾液样本。分析包括唾液基质金属蛋白酶-8（MMP-8）、主要抗炎白细胞介素（IL-4和IL-10）、促炎细胞因子（IL-1β、IL-8和干扰素α [IFN-α]）以及细胞因子IL-6。两组在基线（TP0）时进行临床和唾液评估，G2组在牙周治疗后（TP1）进行评估。G2-TP0组的PRD指数显著更高，G1组更低，G2-TP1组处于中间水平。除IL-6外，这些生物标志物与几乎所有PRD临床指数均显著相关。逻辑回归和受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析表明，在TP0时比较G1和G2时，MMP-8、IL-1β、IL-4、IL-8和IL-10具有统计学意义。比较G2-TP0和G2-TP1时，MMP-8也具有显著意义，而IL-1β和IL-10显示出临界意义。比较G1和G2-TP1时，IL-8具有显著意义。分子网络在PRD早期诊断和治疗反应监测方面显示出巨大潜力，为未来研究提供了有前景的基础。在这些生物标志物中，MMP-8、IL-1β、IL-4、IL-8和IL-10与临床指数的统计相关性最强。炎症相关生物分子在未经治疗的PRD（G2-TP0）、已治疗的（G2-TP1）和健康个体（G1）中的表现有所不同。健康个体和已治疗的PRD患者调节炎症的方式可能与未经治疗的PRD患者有显著差异。
