Gajda Karolina, Jeruszka-Bielak Marta, Górnicka Magdalena, Keser Irena, Hamulka Jadwiga
Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Laboratory for Nutrition Science, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Metabolites. 2025 Sep 18;15(9):621. doi: 10.3390/metabo15090621.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity is steadily increasing, posing a tremendous problem and challenge to public health. Various strategies have been undertaken to combat this issue with mixed results. This study aimed at assessing the effect of a 9-week dietary intervention on anthropometric measurements and blood pressure among children aged 7-12 years with excessive body weight.
The main aim of the intervention was to improve the children's eating habits according to dietary guidelines for Polish children and adolescents with an individual approach and dietitian support. The intervention was completed by 68 children, 38 girls and 30 boys. Data on nutrition; anthropometrics, including body composition; and blood pressure were collected at baseline and after 3, 6, and 9 weeks of the dietary intervention.
The 9-week dietary intervention resulted in significant reductions in BMI z-score, fat mass, and body weight of 10.7%, 7.6%, and 4.0%, respectively. Blood pressure, especially diastolic blood pressure, also significantly decreased. Moreover, positive changes in dietary behaviors were noted.
A 9-week dietary intervention based on an appropriate, high-quality diet in line with the Healthy Eating Pyramid guidelines, with individual counselling and constant monitoring of the implemented changes, an individual approach, support from a dietitian, and the involvement of parents or guardians, can be an effective tool for starting to improve the diets and health of overweight children.
背景/目的：儿童超重和肥胖的患病率正在稳步上升，给公共卫生带来了巨大问题和挑战。人们已经采取了各种策略来应对这一问题，但结果参差不齐。本研究旨在评估为期9周的饮食干预对7至12岁超重儿童人体测量指标和血压的影响。
干预的主要目标是根据波兰儿童和青少年的饮食指南，采用个性化方法并在营养师的支持下改善儿童的饮食习惯。68名儿童完成了干预，其中38名女孩和30名男孩。在饮食干预的基线以及第3、6和9周后收集了营养、人体测量学（包括身体成分）和血压数据。
为期9周的饮食干预使BMI z评分、脂肪量和体重分别显著降低了10.7%、7.6%和4.0%。血压，尤其是舒张压也显著下降。此外，饮食行为也出现了积极变化。
基于符合健康饮食金字塔指南的适当、高质量饮食进行为期9周的饮食干预，辅以个性化咨询并持续监测实施的变化，采用个性化方法，获得营养师的支持以及家长或监护人的参与，可以成为开始改善超重儿童饮食和健康的有效工具。
