Chaitanya M V N L, Patle Deepshikha, Kumar Singh Sachin, Mazumder Avijit, Kumar Sindhu Rakesh, Dua Kamal, Khurana Navneet, Arora Prince
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, Grand Trunk Rd, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), 19 Knowledge Park II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India.
Inflammopharmacology. 2025 Sep 26. doi: 10.1007/s10787-025-01964-y.
Salidroside (SAL), a phenylpropanoid glycoside found in Rhodiola rosea L. roots, is one of the plant's most essential active components. Few studies have shown that it has many health advantages, particularly because it helps combat inflammation, prevent cell death, and protect cells from harm. Research indicated that SAL may protect cardiac myocytes from oxidative stress and enhance glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. It also significantly enhanced mitochondrial activity and prevented cell death in pheochromocytoma cells, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and cardiomyocytes. Besides its advantages for cellular function, SAL is recognised for its protective effects on the heart and brain. Animal studies have shown efficacy in reducing lung damage induced by LPS and sepsis resulting from caecal ligation and puncture in murine models. SAL seems to enhance insulin resistance via activating a route that links mitochondria to AMPK, PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β. Aqueous preparations of Rhodiola rosea have shown metabolic benefits by reducing blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats, an effect that is negated upon adrenal gland removal. The extensive array of pharmacological effects underscores the considerable therapeutic potential of SAL. Despite the well-documented advantages of SAL, research gaps persist regarding optimal dose, long-term safety, and comprehensive effectiveness comparisons in clinical environments. To assist researchers and clinicians in the biomedical sector in filling in the gaps in their knowledge and gaining a comprehensive picture of SAL's therapeutic applications and mechanisms, this review compiles the numerous results on these topics. It aims to simplify complicated material and highlight areas that need more investigation by integrating our present knowledge of SALs and their sources, biosynthesis, extraction, analysis, pharmacological effects, and molecular processes.
红景天苷（SAL）是一种存在于红景天根部的苯丙素糖苷，是该植物最重要的活性成分之一。少数研究表明它具有许多健康益处，特别是因为它有助于对抗炎症、防止细胞死亡并保护细胞免受伤害。研究表明，SAL 可以保护心肌细胞免受氧化应激，并增强骨骼肌细胞对葡萄糖的摄取。它还显著增强了线粒体活性，并防止了嗜铬细胞瘤细胞、SH-SY5Y 神经母细胞瘤细胞和心肌细胞的死亡。除了对细胞功能的益处外，SAL 还因其对心脏和大脑的保护作用而受到认可。动物研究表明，在小鼠模型中，它在减轻 LPS 诱导的肺损伤以及盲肠结扎和穿刺引起的败血症方面具有疗效。SAL 似乎通过激活一条将线粒体与 AMPK、PI3K、Akt 和 GSK-3β 联系起来的途径来增强胰岛素抵抗。红景天的水剂通过降低链脲佐菌素处理的糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平显示出代谢益处，这种作用在摘除肾上腺后会消失。SAL 广泛的药理作用凸显了其巨大的治疗潜力。尽管 SAL 有充分记录的优点，但在最佳剂量、长期安全性以及临床环境中的综合有效性比较方面仍存在研究空白。为了帮助生物医学领域的研究人员和临床医生填补他们知识上的空白，并全面了解 SAL 的治疗应用和机制，本综述汇编了关于这些主题的众多研究结果。它旨在通过整合我们目前对 SAL 及其来源、生物合成、提取、分析、药理作用和分子过程的了解，简化复杂的材料并突出需要更多研究的领域。
