Sotiropoulou Aikaterini, Loukou Ioanna, Vliora Christiana, Douros Konstantinos, Moustaki Maria
Cystic Fibrosis Department, "Agia Sofia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
1st Health Authority of Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece.
Children (Basel). 2025 Sep 22;12(9):1270. doi: 10.3390/children12091270.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens responsible for chronic pulmonary infections, primarily affecting individuals with underlying conditions such as cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this review is to present the epidemiological profile of NTM in CF patients, with a focus on incidence, prevalence, predominant species, and geographic distribution.
The search included cross-sectional, retrospective, and prospective observational studies published in English that reported epidemiological data concerning the isolation and/or infection of individuals with CF by NTM. NTM infection was defined as the isolation of any NTM species at least once per patient. Out of an initial 1120 references identified in PubMed, and following the application of exclusion criteria based on PRISMA guidelines, a total of 78 studies were included.
The reported prevalence of NTM in CF patients ranges globally from 0% to 40.9%. This wide variability is attributed to population heterogeneity, study period, and geographical region. Of the studies included, 30 were conducted in Europe and 25 in the U.S.A. and the complex () were the most commonly isolated species, with being more prevalent in older individuals. The incidence of NTM pulmonary disease was high, with the majority of cases being associated with . Although emerging evidence suggests that CFTR modulator therapy may reduce the risk of NTM isolation and/or disease, current data remain limited.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria are significant pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis, with a negative impact on respiratory health.
非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）是引起慢性肺部感染的机会性病原体，主要影响患有潜在疾病如囊性纤维化（CF）的个体。本综述的目的是呈现CF患者中NTM的流行病学概况，重点关注发病率、患病率、优势菌种和地理分布。
检索包括以英文发表的横断面、回顾性和前瞻性观察性研究，这些研究报告了有关CF个体被NTM分离和/或感染的流行病学数据。NTM感染定义为每位患者至少一次分离出任何NTM菌种。在PubMed中最初识别出的1120篇参考文献中，根据PRISMA指南应用排除标准后，共纳入78项研究。
全球报道的CF患者中NTM的患病率为0%至40.9%。这种广泛的变异性归因于人群异质性、研究时期和地理区域。纳入的研究中，30项在欧洲进行，25项在美国进行，（复杂）是最常分离出的菌种，在老年人中更普遍。NTM肺病的发病率很高，大多数病例与（相关）。尽管新出现的证据表明CFTR调节剂治疗可能降低NTM分离和/或疾病的风险，但目前的数据仍然有限。
非结核分枝杆菌是囊性纤维化患者的重要病原体，对呼吸健康有负面影响。
