Borowitz Drucy
Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Biomolecules. 2025 Aug 30;15(9):1259. doi: 10.3390/biom15091259.
Although the pancreas is the organ that produces the most critical digestive enzymes, there are other important contributors to the cleavage of food into absorbable units. Pre-pancreatic digestion of carbohydrates occurs through the action of salivary amylase. Pre-pancreatic digestion of fats is mediated by lingual and gastric lipases, and their action may be important as a signal for coordinated digestion. Pepsin, which is present in the stomach, initiates the digestion of dietary proteins into peptides and amplifies distal proteolysis. The major post-pancreatic intestinal carbohydrate-digesting enzymes are sucrase-isomaltase, maltase-glucoamylase and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase. There are no post-pancreatic mucosal enzymes that act on dietary triglycerides; however, the complete digestion of phospholipids depends on several brush border phospholipases. Intestinal processing is an important contributor to digestion of proteins, although mucosal proteases may serve as signaling proteins rather than as primary adjuncts to dietary protein digestion and absorption. This review describes the role of these non-pancreatic digestive enzymes in supporting nutritional health.
尽管胰腺是产生最关键消化酶的器官，但在将食物分解为可吸收单元的过程中，还有其他重要的参与者。碳水化合物的胰腺前消化通过唾液淀粉酶的作用进行。脂肪的胰腺前消化由舌脂肪酶和胃脂肪酶介导，它们的作用作为协调消化的信号可能很重要。胃中存在的胃蛋白酶启动膳食蛋白质向肽的消化，并增强远端蛋白水解。主要的胰腺后肠道碳水化合物消化酶是蔗糖酶 - 异麦芽糖酶、麦芽糖酶 - 葡糖淀粉酶和乳糖酶 - 根皮苷水解酶。没有作用于膳食甘油三酯的胰腺后黏膜酶；然而，磷脂的完全消化取决于几种刷状缘磷脂酶。肠道加工是蛋白质消化的重要贡献者，尽管黏膜蛋白酶可能作为信号蛋白，而非膳食蛋白质消化和吸收的主要辅助成分。本综述描述了这些非胰腺消化酶在支持营养健康方面的作用。
