Wang Kanglin, Qiu Fen
School of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2025 Sep 11;15(9):1236. doi: 10.3390/bs15091236.
School bullying represents a critical global public health issue among adolescents. Although existing evidence suggests physical activity (PA) may reduce bullying risk, longitudinal data on bidirectional associations and gender-specific variations remain limited. This study employed a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) to investigate the temporal dynamics between PA and school bullying (SB) and examine gender-moderating effects.
A cohort of 577 middle school students (294 boys, 283 girls; mean age = 14.31 ± 2.1 years) from seven schools across Wuhan, Shijiazhuang, and Chengdu completed three-wave longitudinal assessments over 9 months (September 2024-March 2025). Validated instruments included the School Bullying Scale (SBS) and Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS). The CLPM analysis evaluated bidirectional predictive pathways, with gender-stratified multi-group comparisons.
Significant bidirectional negative associations emerged: (1) PA at T1/T2 predicted reduced SB at T2/T3 ( = -0.14 to -0.26, < 0.001). (2) SB at T1/T2 predicted decreased PA at T2/T3 ( = -0.27 to -0.38, < 0.001). (3) Gender significantly moderated these relationships, with PA conferring stronger protective effects against subsequent SB in males ( = -0.35 vs. -0.21 for PA→SB paths). Conversely, SB triggered earlier and more pronounced PA reductions in males ( = -0.42 vs. -0.29 for SB→PA paths).
PA and SB demonstrate stable bidirectional negative associations in adolescents, with significant gender divergence. Males exhibit greater resilience to bullying through PA engagement but heightened vulnerability to PA reduction post-victimization. These findings underscore PA-based interventions as promising bullying mitigation strategies, necessitating gender-tailored implementation approaches.
校园欺凌是全球青少年面临的一个关键公共卫生问题。尽管现有证据表明体育活动（PA）可能会降低欺凌风险，但关于双向关联和性别差异的纵向数据仍然有限。本研究采用交叉滞后面板模型（CLPM）来研究PA与校园欺凌（SB）之间的时间动态关系，并检验性别调节效应。
来自武汉、石家庄和成都七所学校的577名中学生（294名男生，283名女生；平均年龄 = 14.31 ± 2.1岁）在9个月内（2024年9月至2025年3月）完成了三轮纵向评估。经过验证的工具包括校园欺凌量表（SBS）和体育活动评分量表（PARS）。CLPM分析评估了双向预测路径，并进行了性别分层的多组比较。
出现了显著的双向负相关：（1）T1/T2时的PA预测T2/T3时的SB减少（β = -0.14至-0.26，p < 0.001）。（2）T1/T2时的SB预测T2/T3时的PA减少（β = -0.27至-0.38，p < 0.001）。（3）性别显著调节了这些关系，PA对男性随后的SB具有更强的保护作用（PA→SB路径的β = -0.35对-0.21）。相反，SB在男性中引发的PA减少更早且更明显（SB→PA路径的β = -0.42对-0.29）。
PA和SB在青少年中表现出稳定的双向负相关，且存在显著的性别差异。男性通过参与PA对欺凌表现出更大的恢复力，但在受害后对PA减少的脆弱性更高。这些发现强调基于PA的干预措施是有前景的欺凌缓解策略，需要针对性别的实施方法。
